Pengangkutan utama di Semenanjung Malaysia terdiri daripada pengangkutan awam
seperti bas dan kereta api dan pengangkutan persendirian seperti kereta dan
motorsikal. Pembebasan karbon dioksida (CO2) dan oksida sulfur(SOX) berubah –
ubah secara langsung dengan penggunaan bahan bakar. Pembebasan
karbon monoksida (CO), oksida nitrogen (NOX), zarahan halus dan hidrokarbon
berubah-ubah berdasarkan reka cipta engin, nisbah udara ke bahan bakar, dan ciri –
ciri operasi kenderaan dengan kelajuan optimum melebihi 60 Kilometer per jam.
Di persimpangan bersignal, jumlah pembebasan pencemaran lalu lintas bergantung
pada empat kitaran mod memandu yang terdiri daripada unsur berhenti dan
menunggu di persimpangan lampu isyarat, pecutan, nyahpecutan halaju kenderaan,
dan masa yang digunakan oleh kenderaan untuk tidak bergerak bagi keadaan
lalulintas tertentu diwakili oleh arus lalu lintas dan geometri persimpangan. Simpang
bersignal yang direka bentuk mengikut piawaian yang ditetapkan akan dapat
meminumkan kelewatan dan mengoptimumkan kapasiti persimpangan sedangkan
rekabentuk geometri yang tidak tepat akan meningkatkan kelewatan yang dihadapi
oleh pengguna jalan raya. Dalam kajian ini terdapat enam simpang
bersignal di sepanjang jalan utama iaitu Jalan Taiping dan Jalan Abdul Raof di Parit
Buntar. Pembebasan pencemaran kenderaan yang terhasil untuk tahun 2010 akan
dibandingkan dengan kajian semasa 2011. Beberapa penambaikan dicadangkan
dalam kajian ini seperti koordinasi antara kawalan isyarat yang baik, pergerakan
pusing ke kiri semasa lampu merah, menyediakan masa isyarat dan dan fasa isyarat
yang betul dan sedikit penambaikan dari segi geometri persimpangan bagi
persimpangan bersignal yang dikaji. Keputusan untuk setiap persimpangan
bersignal menunjukkan penurunan yang signifikan bagi jumlah pembebasan
pencemaran kenderaan dan kelewatan waktu. Untuk persimpangan bersignal antara
Jalan Taiping, Jalan Padang dan Jalan Lintang peratus pengurangan untuk
penggunaan bahan bakar, hidrokarbon, nitrogen oksida dan karbon dioksida
sekitar 42% dan pengurangan masa kelewatan mencapai sekitar 23% setelah
berlakunya perubahan minor geometri dan fasa isyarat. Jumlah pengurangan bahan
bakar untuk persimpangan Jalan Taiping dan lencongan dari Stesen Minyak Shell
dan persimpangan bersignal antara Jalan Abdul Raof dan lencongan daripada Stesen
Minyak Shell menunjukkan pengurangan menghampiri 12% dan 6% selepas
penambaikan perubahan pada fasa isyarat. Selain itu, pengurangan penggunaan
bahan bakar di Jalan Taiping dan Jalan Perusahaan mencapai kepada 17% selepas
penambaikan minor untuk geometri dan perubahan fasa isyarat. Akhir sekali, di
persimpangan Jalan Taiping dan Jalan Persekutuan Utama, pengurangan terhadap
penggunaan bahan bakar dan hydrocarbon adalah melebihi 43% berbanding pada
tahun 2010.
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The transportation in Peninsular Malaysia includes public transport such as buses and
trains and private transport such as motorcycles and cars. The emissions of Carbon
Dioxide (CO2) and Oxides of Sulphur (SOX) vary directly with fuel consumption.
The emissions of Carbon Monoxide (CO), Oxides Of Nitrogen (NOX), Particulate
Matter and Hydrocarbons vary in addition with the engine design, the air-to-fuel ratio,
and vehicle operating characteristics, with an optimum speed usually in excess of 60
kilometres (km) per hour. At the signalized intersection, the amount of traffic
emission are depend on the four mode elemental driving cycle consisting of cruise,
acceleration, deceleration and idling time for specific traffic condition represented by
traffic flow, traffic control and intersection geometry. The signalized intersection that
designed according to the proper standard will minimize delay and optimize the
junction capacity while the improper design geometry will increase the delay faced
by road users. SIDRA Intersection 5.1 software was used in this study in order to
investigate the vehicles emissions due to traffic volume and its delay time and the
effect of traffic light junction’s configuration during peak hour. There are six
signalized intersection along the major road of Jalan Taiping and Jalan Abdul Raof in
Parit Buntar will be investigated. The vehicles emission pollution that carried out for
year 2010 were generated and compared with the current study in year 2011. Some
improvement was proposed in this study in term of coordination between adjacent
signal light controllers, left turn on red movement, providing proper signal phasing
and signal time and minor geometrical modifications at the chosen signalized
intersections. The result for each signalized intersection showed the significant
reduction in the amount of vehicles emissions and average delay time. For signalized
intersection between Jalan Taiping, Jalan Padang, and Jalan Lintang the percent of
reduction for fuel consumption, hydrocarbon, oxides of nitrogen and carbon dioxide
approximately 42 % due to the reduction of delay time approximately 23% after the
implementing minor geometry and signal phasing. Total fuel reduction for signalized
intersection between Jalan Taiping and diversion from Shell petrol Station and
signalized intersection between Jalan Abdul Raof and diversion Shell petrol Station
showed the reduction in approximately 12% and 6% after the implementation of the
signal time modification. Other than that, the reduction of fuel consumption at Jalan
Taiping and Jalan perusahaan 17% after the implementation of the minor geometry
and signal phasing modification. Lastly, reduction in fuel consumption and
hydrocarbon more than 43 % compared to the hydrocarbon emissions in year 2010 at
Jalan Taiping and Federal Route 1.
The effects of changes at signalized intersection on the vehicles emission loading in Parit Buntar, Perak_Maisarah Sulaiman_A9_2011_MYMY