Kesesakan trafik di dalam Bandar merupakan satu masalah signifikan yang berlaku dikebanyakan tempat di dunia. Bandar–bandar besar di Malaysia seperti Kuala Lumpur, Georgetown dan Johor Bharu sedang menghadapi masalah kesesakan trafik yang serius. Dasar yang di formulasi untuk mengatasi masalah ini bertumpu kearah pengurusan pembekalan, pembinaan jalan-jalan baru, lebuhraya, jalan bertingkat dan pembesaran jalan. Terdapat pihak yang berpendapat bahawa alternatif yang lebih sesuai mesti diberi penekanan terhadap aspek pengurusan permintaan. Dasar yang lebih berani, radikal dan kurang digemari yang terangkum dibawah Pengurusan Permintaan Perjalanan (Travel Demand Management) iaitu dasar pengenaan caj penggunaan jalan boleh dipertimbangkan. Akta Tanah dan Pengangkutan Darat 2010 menggariskan cadangan dasar perletakan harga jalan dibandar yang dipilih sebagai penyelesaian untuk mengurangkan kesesakan trafik bandar. Rancangan Tempatan untuk bahagian pulau, Pulau Pinang pula telah menggariskan dasar ini digunapakai sebagai satu kaedah untuk menambahbaik kesesakan trafik Bandar apabila suatu sistem pengangkutan pengangkutan awam yang cekap dilaksanakan. Walaubagaimanapun, usaha kearah perlaksanaan dasar tersebut tidak diambil serius. Sehubungan dengan itu, tesis ini mengkaji tentang persepsi dan penerimaan penggubal dasar dan orang awam mengenai pengenalan dasar perletakan harga jalan di Georgetown, Pulau Pinang. Kajian ini bertujuan menganalis masalah kesesakan trafik bandar, penerimaan dan perlaksanaan dasar perletakan harga jalan. Dalam kes ini, pengalaman bandar-bandar besar seperti Singapura , London dan Tokyo telah dikaji untuk mengenalpasti kelebihan dan kelemahan dalam perlaksanaan dasar ini. Kaedah campuran iaitu kajian secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif telah digunakan untuk mencapai matlamat dan objektif kajian. Kaedah soalselidik telah dilaksanakan dikalangan penduduk dan kajian yang dikendalikan sendiri dijalankan dikalangan penggubal polisi untuk mengetahui persepsi dan sikap mereka terhadap penerimaan dasar penggenaan caj penggunaan jalanraya. .Dapatan-dapatan dari kajian ini memberi pandangan mendalam tentang halangan-halangan kepada penerimaan terhadap polisi perletakan harga jalan seperti sikap para pengguna dan penggubal dasar, penggunaan hasil, ketidakadilan kepada kumpulan berpendapatan rendah, perlakuan perjalanan dan isu-isu rekabentuk/susunatur. Selain dari itu, terdapat beberapa faktor kejayaan juga dikenalpasi jika dasar penetapan harga penggunaan jalanraya diperkenalkan seperti faedah dan kekuatan dasar, masalah trafik yang menekan, alternatif kepada dasar sediada, serta matlamat dan objektif yang jelas dan telus. Ringkasnya, hasil kajian ini diharapakan menyumbang kepada perlaksanaan dasar perletakan harga penggunaan jalan di Georgetown, Pulau Pinang setelah pihak awam dan pembuat dasar rmenerima konsep ini. __________________________________________________________________________________
Urban traffic congestion is a significant problem which is happened in many parts of the world. Cities in Malaysia such as Klang Valley, Georgetown and Johore Bharu are facing serious urban traffic problem. The policies which are formulated to overcome this problem focusing on supply side of management; the construction of new roads, highway, fly-over and roads / highways widening. There are arguments by the experts that policy option must emphasis on demand side of management. A bold, radical and unpopular policy such as road pricing policy (RPP) from the instrument of Travel Demand Management (TDM) can be considered seriously. Land Public Transport Act 2010 outlines the proposal to establish road pricing policy within any designated area in Malaysia as a solution to reduce urban traffic congestion. Local Plan for Penang Island has outlined that the policy will be implemented in Georgetown as a tool to improve urban traffic congestion once an efficient public transport system is implemented. However, it seems that measure to work on the implementation of road pricing policy is not taken seriously. Therefore, this thesis examines the perception and acceptability of public/road users and policy makers in Georgetown, Penang, towards the introduction of road pricing policy. This research aims to analyse the problem of urban traffic congestion, perception, acceptability and implementation of road pricing policy (RPP). In this case, the experiences of big cities such as Singapore, London and Tokyo were examined to determine their strengths and weaknesses in implementing RPP. Mixed methods of quantitative and qualitative research were adopted to achieve the aims and objectives as outlined. Survey method was employed amongst the residents/road users and self-administered survey was applied amongst policy makers to explore their perceptions and attitudes towards the acceptability of RPP. The findings of this research have provided some insights on the barriers of acceptability towards road pricing policy such as the attitude of the road users and policy makers, the use of the revenue, unfairness to low income group, travelling behavior and design/layout issues. Besides that, there are successful factors identified if road pricing policy is introduced such as efficiency benefits, pressing traffic problem, alternative to the available policy, clear and transparent of aim and objectives. In short, the result of this research will contribute to the implementation of road pricing policy in Georgetown, Penang once the acceptability is gained from the public/road users and policy makers.
The perception of road pricing policy (rpp) in Georgetown, Penang_Abu Bakar Mat _A9_2018_MYMY