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Automatic 12-lead ECG acquisition system

Automatic 12-lead ECG acquisition system / Ho Choon Shen
Elektrokardiogram (EKG) adalah rakaman aktiviti elektrik jantung secara grafik. Melalui penganalisisan isyarat EKG, banyak maklumat mengenai keabnormalan dalam jantung dan aritmia boleh diperolehi, ia biasanya digunakan semasa memantau keadaan dan masalah jantung. Isyarat EKG sangat sensitif terhadap hingar yang terhadir dalam kehidupan seharian, walaupun hingar yang kecil akan menjejaskan pelbagai ciri-ciri asal isyarat EKG apabila dicampur dengannya. Tahap voltan isyarat jantung dihasilkan dalam jantung manusia adalah sangat rendah (serendah 0.3 hingga 2mV), dan frekuensi isyarat EKG mempunyai rentang frekuensi 0.5 hingga 150Hz. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk mereka bentuk perkakasan untuk sistem perolehan isyarat EKG secara automatik. Perkakasan sistem perolehan isyarat EKG ini telah dibahagikan kepada tiga peringkat: peringkat pemultipleksan, peringkat penguatan isyarat, dan peringkat penapisan isyarat. Kesemuanya 12 isyarat EKG boleh diperolehi dari tubuh manusia melalui elektrod. Isyarat EKG adalah perbezaan voltan antara elektrod dengan elektrod, atau di antara elektrod dengan elektrod plumbum unipolar. Rangkaian Perintang Wilson yang digunakan untuk mengkonfigurasi plumbum unipolar juga dibincangkan di sini. Peringkat pemultipleksan digunakan supaya isyarat EKG dapat diperoleh mengikut pilihan pengguna. Arduino Mega 2560 diprogram untuk mengawal unit pemultipleksan melalui MATLAB. Satu antara muka pengguna grafik mesra telah direka untuk membolehkan pengguna untuk memilih isyarat EKG untuk dipaparkan di osiloskop. Selain itu, penguat isyarat juga digunakan dalam projek ini untuk menguatkan isyarat EKG yang lemah. Penguat isyarat diset untuk memberikan gandaan sebanyak 100 kali ganda, walau bagaimanapun, gandaan boleh diset sehingga 1000 kali ganda. Di samping itu, isyarat EKG ini mudah terpengaruh dengan hingar sekitar seperti hingar bekalan kuasa 50Hz dan sebagainya. Penapisan isyarat EKG telah dimasukkan untuk melemahkan hingar dalam pada masa yang sama mengekalkan isyarat EKG yang asal. Kesimpulannya, sistem perolehan 12 sadapan EKG telah berjaya direka bentuk. Kesemuanya 12 isyarat EKG dapat diperolehi dengan tepat. Sistem ini juga berjaya melemahkan hingar yang tidak diingini sambil mengekalkan integriti isyarat EKG. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Electrocardiogram (ECG) is the graphical recording of electrical activity of the heart. The ECG signal analysis can provide many information about the cardiac disorder and arrhythmia, it is commonly used as the first line of monitoring for cardiac problems. The ECG signal is extremely weak, hence it is sensitive to noise, even if little bit of noise can change the various characteristic of the original signal when mixed with it. The signal voltage level of human heart can be as low as 0.3 to 2mV, and the frequency of informative human heart ECG signal fall in the range of 0.5 to 150Hz. The aim of this study is to design and implement the hardware front end of the ECG acquisition. The hardware front end of ECG acquisition system incorporated with three basic units: multiplexing unit, signal amplification unit, and signal filtering unit. The 12 lead ECG signals can be acquired from human body through the lead electrodes. The lead signal is the potential different between lead electrode and lead electrode, or between lead electrode and unipolar lead. The Wilson Resistor Network that used to configure unipolar leads is also discuss in here. The multiplexing unit is introduced to this circuit to select the lead to display. The Arduino Mega 2560 board is used to control the multiplexing unit via MATLAB. A simple and user friendly graphical user interface is designed to allow users to select the lead they want. Besides, the instrumentation amplifier is also used in this project to amplify the weak ECG signal. The instrumentation amplifier is set to provide a gain of 100, however, the gain can be adjusted from the range of 1 to 1000 according to needs. In addition, the ECG signal is easily influence by surrounding noise such as power line noise and muscle artifacts. The ECG signal filtering circuit is also include in here to attenuate the noises while retaining the signal integrity of ECG signals. In conclusion, the analog front end of the 12-Lead ECG acquisition system is developed successfully. All the 12 lead ECG are able to be acquired accurately. The system also able to attenuate the unwanted noise while retaining the ECG signal.
Contributor(s):
Ho Choon Shen - Author
Primary Item Type:
Final Year Project
Identifiers:
Accession Number : 875006062
Language:
English
Subject Keywords:
Electrocardiogram (ECG); graphical recording; electrical activity
First presented to the public:
6/1/2016
Original Publication Date:
7/3/2018
Previously Published By:
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Place Of Publication:
School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering
Citation:
Extents:
Number of Pages - 100
License Grantor / Date Granted:
  / ( View License )
Date Deposited
2018-07-03 16:30:05.952
Date Last Updated
2019-01-07 11:24:32.9118
Submitter:
Mohd Jasnizam Mohd Salleh

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