Sumber air seperti sungai, tasik, air bumi dan laut yang berhampiran
dengan kawasan industri tekstil lebih mudah mengalami pencemaran air
akibat buangan terus air sisa tekstil ke persekitaran. Bahan penjerap seperti
karbon teraktif berasaskan sisa pertanian didapati berpotensi untuk
digunakan bagi tujuan rawatan air sisa ini. Dalam kajian ini, karbon teraktif
daripada biji asam jawa (KTBAJ) serta biji nangka (KTBN) disediakan
melalui pengaktifan fizikima secara pemanasan gelombang mikro. Kaedah
ini merangkumi impregnasi kalium hidroksida, gasifikasi karbon dioksida
dan penyinaran gelombang mikro. Kajian penjerapan dijalankan untuk
mengenal pasti prestasi KTBAJ dan KTBN dalam penyingkiran pencelup
metilena biru serta remazol biru terang R. Rekabentuk komposit pusat
digunakan untuk mengenal pasti keadaan penyediaan optimum bagi masa
penyinaran, kekuatan penyinaran serta nisbah impregnasi untuk biji asam
jawa serta biji nangka. Keadaan optimum bagi penyediaan KTBAJ adalah
440 W, 2.0 minit dan nisbah impregnasi 0.50 manakala KTBN adalah 440
W, 2.0 minit and nisbah impregnasi 0.60 yang memberikan keputusan
penyingkiran metilena biru sebanyak masing-masing 70.4% dan 83.2%;
penyingkiran remazol biru terang R iaitu masing-masing 62.7% dan 75.6%
serta hasil masing-masing sebanyak 21.8% dan 22.5 %. Karbon teraktif biji
asam jawa dan biji nangka mempunyai luas permukaan yang tinggi (>869
m2/g), isipadu liang (> 0.40 cm3/g) dan kandungan karbon tetap (>76%).
Kedua-dua bahan ini mengandungi liang pori yang bersifat tidak seragam
dalam julat meso liang. Kesan kepekatan awal pencelup (25-300 mg/L),
masa tindakbalas (0-24 jam) dan suhu larutan (30-60oC) juga turut dikenal
pasti. Kadar penjerapan meningkat apabila kepekatan awal serta masa
tindakbalas meningkat. Untuk kedua-dua pencelup bagi KTBAJ serta
KTBN sesuai digandingkan dalam model Freundlich untuk menepati
hubungan penjerapan keseimbangan. Model pseudo-tertib-pertama sesuai
mewakili data kinetik bagi kedua-dua bahan penyerap tersebut.
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Water sources such as rivers, lakes, groundwater and seas that located
nearby to textile industries can be easily polluted if direct discharge of dye
wastewater to the environment is occurred. Adsorbent such as activated
carbon particularly produced from agrowaste has been found to be suitable
for this purpose. In this study, tamarind seed based activated carbon
(TASAC) and jackfruit seed based activated carbon (JASAC) were prepared
by using physiochemical activation. It consisted of potassium hydroxide
(KOH) impregnation, CO2 gasification and microwave irradiation. A study
of batch adsorption for methylene blue (MB) and remazol brilliant blue R
(RBBR) were carried out to determine the performance of TASAC and
JASAC. Central composite design (CCD) was used to evaluate the optimum
preparation conditions of radiation time, radiation power and impregnation
ratio (IR) for TASAC and JASAC. The optimum conditions for TASAC
were 440 W, 2.0 min and IR 0.5 while for JASAC was 440 W, 2.0 min and
IR 0.6, which resulted MB removal of 70.4% and 83.2%, respectively; RBBR
removal of 62.7% and 75.6%, respectively and yield of 21.8% and 22.5%,
respectively. TASAC and JASAC have high surface area (>869 m2/g), pore
volume (> 0.40 cm3/g) and fixed carbon content (>76%). The TASAC and
JASAC have heterogeneous type pore size in mesoporous region. The effect
of initial dye concentrations (25-300 mg/L), contact times (0-24 hours) and
solution temperatures (30-60oC) were determined. The MB and RBBR
adsorption by TASAC and JASAC were increased as the initial dye
concentration and contact time increased. The adsorption equilibrium data
for both dyes onto TASAC and JASAC were best fitted by Freundlich
model. Meanwhile, the kinetic data was best represented by the pseudo firstorder
kinetic model.
Activated carbon from tamarind seed and jackfruit seed prepared via microwave irradiated for dye removal / Mohamad Nasran Nasehir Khan