Pewarna ionik yang terdiri daripada pewarna asas dan reaktif amat sukar untuk disingkirkan daripada sisa air menggunakan kaedah konvensional kerana sifatnya yang sangat larut. Kajian ini adalah untuk menghasilkan karbon teraktif (AC) daripada kulit buah naga (DFP) dan kulit buah delima (PP) untuk menyingkirkan metilena biru (MB) dan remazol biru berkilau R (RBBR) daripada larutan akuas. Semua AC ini dihasilkan melalui kaedah pengaktifan fizikimia menggunakan rawatan kimia kalium hidroksida (KOH), penggasan karbon dioksida (CO2) dan dipanaskan oleh gelombang mikro. Kesan faktor-faktor penyediaan seperti kuasa radiasi, masa radiasi dan nisbah impregnasi (IR) ke atas kecekapan penyingkiran pencelup dan hasilan AC telah dioptimakan melalui metodologi permukaan sambutan. Luas permukaan Bruneaur-Emmet-Teller (BET) dan jumlah isipadu liang yang tinggi diperolehi untuk sampel DFPAC (725.80m2/g dan 0.388cm3/g) dan PPAC (845.96m2/g dan 0.442cm3/g). Keadaan penyediaan optima telah ditentukan untuk MB-DFPAC (375W, 4.50min dan 0.90) dengan 83.12% penyingkiran MB dan hasilan AC 30.5% dan RBBR-DFPAC (350W, 4.50min dan 0.90) dengan 77.85% penyingkiran RBBR dan 30.1% hasilan. Keadaan penyediaan optima bagi MB-PPAC (370W, 4.50min dan 0.90) dengan 83.4% penyingkiran MB dan 30.8% hasilan dan RBBR-PPAC (350W, 4.50min dan 0.90) dengan 78.51% penyingkiran RBBR dan 30.6% hasilan. Penjerapan MB dan RBBR ke atas semua AC mengikuti garis sesuhu Freundlich. Kapasiti jerapan 232.56mg/g, 250.00mg/g, 230.48mg/g, dan 238.09mg/g masing-masing telah diperolehi untuk MB-DFPAC, MB-PPAC, RBBR-DFPAC dan RBBR-PPAC. Kajian kinetik mendapati semua sistem penjerapan pencelup ke atas DFPAC dan PPAC mengikuti model kinetik pseudo tertib pertama manakala kajian termodinamik mendapati semua sistem adalah eksotermik secara semulajadi.
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Ionic dyes comprised of basic and reactive dyes pose a great difficulty to be eliminated in wastewater by conventional methods due to their high soluble properties. This study aims to synthesis activated carbon (AC) derived from dragon fruit peel (DFP) and pomegranate peel (PP) to adsorb methylene blue (MB) and remazol brilliant blue R dyes (RBBR) from aqueous solution. These ACs were produced via physiochemical activation method which involves potassium hydroxide (KOH) chemical treatment, carbon dioxide (CO2) gasification and heated with microwave. Effects of preparation conditions of microwave radiation power, radiation time and impregnation ratio (IR) on dyes removal and ACs yield were optimized by using response surface methodology (RSM). Bruneaur-Emmet-Teller (BET) surface area and total pore volume were found on prepared DFPAC (725.80m2/g and 0.388cm3/g) and PPAC (845.96m2/g and 0.442cm3/g).Optimum preparation conditions for ACs prepared were determined for MB-DFPAC (375W, 4.50min and 0.90) with 83.12% of MB removal and 30.50% of yield, RBBR-DFPAC (350W, 4.50min and 0.90) with 77.85% of RBBR removal and 30.1% of yield. Optimum preparation conditions for MB-PPAC (370W, 4.50min and 0.90) with 83.40% of MB removal and 30.80% of yield and RBBR-PPAC (350W, 4.50min and 0.90) with 78.51% of RBBR removal and 30.60% of yield. Adsorption of MB and RBBR on ACs followed Freundlich isotherm. The adsorption capacities were 232.56mg/g, 230.48mg/g, 250.00mg/g and 238.09mg/g for MB-DFPAC, RBBR-PPAC, MB-PPAC and RBBR-PPAC, respectively. Kinetic studies revealed that adsorption of dyes onto DFPAC and PPAC followed pseudo-second order kinetic model while thermodynamic studies confirmed that all systems were exothermic in nature.
Dyes adsorption by dragon fruit peel and pomegranate fruit peel wastesbased microwave-assisted activated carbon / Muhammad Aswar Md. Eusoff