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Optimization of coconut husk fermentation by pycnoporus sanguineus using taguchi method for laccase production / Izzati Ahmad Fuad

Optimization of coconut husk fermentation by pycnoporus sanguineus using taguchi method for laccase production_Izzati Ahmad Fuad_K4_2019_MYMY
Pada zaman sekarang, enzim mempunyai permintaan yang tinggi dalam industri dan laccase adalah salah satu daripada enzim yang terdapat secara meluas dalam persekitaran semulajadi. Laccase mempunyai peranan yang penting dalam bioteknologi disebabkan oleh kebolehan mengoksida kedua-dua sebatian yang berkaitan lignin fenolik dan bukan fenolik di samping ia dapat mengatasi masalah pencemaran alam sekitar. Bagi menghasilkan enzim laccase, kulat daripada proses penapaian keadaan pepejal yang menggunakan sisa lignoselulosa telah diperkenalkan. Kajian ini bertujuan mengoptimumkan penghasilan enzim laccase daripada Pycnoporus sanguineus melalui one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT), kaedah Taguchi dan ANOVA melalui penapaian keadaan pepejal menggunakan sisa lignoselulosa sebagai substrat. Pada awal kajian, beberapa jenis sisa lignoselulosa yang berbeza seperti sabut kelapa, jarum pain, cengkerang biji getah dan habuk kayu disaring bagi memilih substrat yang paling sesuai untuk penghasilan enzim laccase. Bukti menunjukkan sabut kelapa merupakan substrat terbaik dalam penghasilan enzim laccase berbanding substrat yang lain dengan hasil maksima 5134.25 U/L. Selepas proses penyaringan, kajian diteruskan kepada kesan parameter yg dipilih kepada penghasilan enzim laccase menggunakan kaedah OFAT. Parameter yang digunakan adalah hari inkubasi, nisbah substrat dan air (wt/vol), pH, dan suhu. Hasil menunjukkkan bahawa keadaan terbaik untuk penghasilan laccase adalah pada hari ke 18 inkubasi, pH 7, pada suhu 30 ºC dan 1:9 (wt/vol) nisbah substrat dan air dengan maksimum hasil iaitu 8747.4 U/L. Dalam kajian ini, pengoptimuman seterusnya adalah menggunakan kaedah Taguchi yang diperkenalkan oleh “Minitab 18 Software” dan ciri kualiti yang digunakan ialah “ larger is better”. L9 “orthogonal array” telah dibina di dalam pengoptimuman menggunakan kaedah Taguchi kerana ia memerlukan 9 eksperimen untuk 4 parameter dan 3 tahap. 3 tahap yang digunakan dalam kaedah Taguchi ini diperoleh daripada kaedah OFAT yang sebelumnya. Hasil menunjukkan penghasilan laccase yang telah diperoleh iaitu 8747.6 U/L dimana ia menghampiri jumlah yang diperoleh daripada kaedah OFAT. Kaedah Taguchi menunjukkan bahawa suhu adalah parameter yang paling penting dalam penghasilan laccase dengan (36.31%) peratus menyumbang diikuti oleh nisbah substrat dan air (wt/vol) (30.76%), hari inkubasi (27%) dan pH (5..92%). Hasil terakhir daripada kaedah Taguchi menunjukkan bahawa maksima penghasilan laccase diperoleh adalah 8698.1 U/L bersama jumlah peratusan ralat yang kecil (0.5%). Kajian menunjukkan bahawa faktor persekitaran mempengaruhi pertumbuhan kulat untuk penghasilan laccase yang tinggi. Pemilihan kulat dan substrat yang berkebolehan dalam menghasilkan enzim yang tinggi dan kemudian dapat mengoptima keadaan yang sesuai untuk penghasilan enzim merupakan sesuatu yang penting untuk dilakukan. Hal ini kerana, perbezaan kulat, substrat dan keadaan pertumbuhan kulat akan menghasilkan enzim yang berbeza. Oleh itu, tidak hairanlah bahawa enzim ini telah dikaji secara intensif sejak abad ke sembilan belas dan masih menjadi topik kajian yang hangat hari ini. _______________________________________________________________________ Nowadays, enzymes have high demand in industry and laccase is one of them which present widely in nature. Laccase has an important role in biotechnology due to their ability to oxidize both phenolic and non-phenolic lignin related compounds. It also can be used to overcome environmental pollutions. To produce laccase enzyme, a fungal solid-state fermentation (SSF) process that uses lignocellulosic waste was introduced. This research aims to optimize the production of laccase from Pycnoporus sanguineus through one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT), Taguchi method and ANOVA by solid-state fermentation (SSF) of lignocellulosic waste. For the preliminary study, different types of lignocellulosic waste such as coconut husk, pine needle, rubber seed shell and sawdust were screened in order to select the most suitable substrate for laccase production. Coconut husk was proven to be the best substrate for laccase production compared to others, with the highest activity of 5134.25 U/L. After the screening process, studies continued on the effect of selected parameters on production of laccase using OFAT method namely; incubation day, substrate to water ratio (wt/vol), pH and temperature. The results showed that the best conditions for laccase production were at 18th days of incubation, pH 7, temperature of 30 ̊C, and 1:9 (wt/vol) of substrate to water ratio with the highest activity of 8747.4 U/L. In this study, further optimization by using Taguchi method was proposed by Minitab 18 Software at “larger is better” as a quality character was used. An L9 orthogonal array was constructed in optimization by using Taguchi method because it needs 9 experiments for 4 parameters operating at 3 levels. The 3 levels used in Taguchi method were obtained from the earlier study of OFAT method. The results showed that the maximum laccase production was obtained as 8747.6 U/L which was almost similar to the OFAT result. Taguchi method has shown that temperature is the most significant factor in optimizing the production of laccase with (36.31%) of percent contribution, followed by substrate to water ratio (wt/vol) (30.76%), incubation day (27%) and pH (5.92%). The final results showed that the maximum laccase production was obtained as 8698.1 U/L with a small value of percentage error (0.5%). The research findings demonstrated that environmental factors influence the fungi growth to produce a high activity of laccase. Selection of strain and substrate that capable of producing high concentrations of an enzyme and then optimize conditions for enzyme production are the important things to do. This is because, different strain, substrate and cultivation condition give a different yield of enzyme production. It is therefore not surprising that this enzyme has been studied intensively since the nineteenth century and yet remains a topic of intense research today.
Contributor(s):
Izzati Ahmad Fuad - Author
Primary Item Type:
Thesis
Identifiers:
Accession Number : 875008838
Language:
English
Subject Keywords:
Laccase; phenolic; Pycnoporus
Sponsor - Description:
Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Kimia -
First presented to the public:
8/1/2019
Original Publication Date:
7/29/2020
Previously Published By:
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Place Of Publication:
School of Chemical Engineering
Citation:
Extents:
Number of Pages - 128
License Grantor / Date Granted:
  / ( View License )
Date Deposited
2020-07-29 15:52:37.671
Submitter:
Mohamed Yunus Yusof

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Optimization of coconut husk fermentation by pycnoporus sanguineus using taguchi method for laccase production / Izzati Ahmad Fuad1 2020-07-29 15:52:37.671