(For USM Staff/Student Only)

EngLib USM > Ω School of Chemical Engineering >

Optimization of polyphenols recovery from defatted roselle seed using microwave assisted extraction / Nurul Izyatulikma Yusoff

Optimization of polyphenols recovery from defatted roselle seed using microwave assisted extraction_Nurul Izyatulikma Yusoff_K4_2017_MYMY
Roselle terkenal dengan kelopaknya yang digunakan untuk menyediakan minuman herba, jem dan jeli kerana ia telah lama diiktiraf sebagai sumber antioksidan. Walau bagaimanapun, biji roselle dalam kapsul baldu biasanya dibuang sebagai sisa walaupun pada hakikatnya ia mengandungi unsur pemakanan yang baik. Ini adalah kerana eksploitasi yang terhad terhadap kegunaan dan manfaat biji roselle sebagai alternatif yang berpotensi sebagai sumber makanan manusia. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kandungan hasil ekstrak, jumlah kandungan fenolik dan jumlah kandungan flavonoid daripada ekstrak biji roselle yang dinyah lemak yang disediakan dengan menggunakan pengekstrakan terbantu gelombang mikro (MAE). MAE belum pernah digunakan dalam pengekstrakan biji roselle, oleh itu kajian ini adalah penting. Dalam kajian ini, polifenol telah diekstrak menggunakan campuran etanol-air (70 % (i/i)) di dalam bekas bertutup di bawah penyinaran gelombang mikro dengan dan tanpa kawalan suhu. Pengaruh parameter yang berbeza semasa proses pengekstrakan (masa pengekstrakan (min), kuasa gelombang mikro (W), nisbah pelarut kepada pepejal (mL/g), suhu pengekstrakan (°C)) telah dikaji. Kaedah gerak balas permukaan (RSM) telah digunakan untuk membangunkan model ramalan dan pengoptimuman proses pengekstrakan polifenol. Tanpa kawalan suhu, keadaan MAE yang diramalkan pada 10 min, 300 W dan 97.7178 mL/g memberikan hasil ekstrak (65.0367 ± 1.2450 %) dan kandungan fenolik (18.2244 ± 0.3310 mg GAE/g) yang tinggi kerana mencapai keadaan subgenting. Walau bagaimanapun, kandungan flavonoid yang rendah (6.4524 ± 0.3035 mg QE/g) tidak dijangkakan diperolehi kerana ekstrak telah terdegradasi pada 163 °C. Sebaliknya, keadaan optimum MAE dengan kawalan suhu (12 min, 290 W, 125 mL/g dan 150 °C) juga dikenal pasti menghasilkan fenolik (21.0950 ± 0.4907 mg GAE/g) dan kandungan flavonoid (8.9452 ± 0.1873 mg QE/g) yang tertinggi. Ekstrak MAE optimum dengan kawalan suhu mengandungi jumlah fenolik yang sama dengan ekstrak lazim dan Soxhlet, tetapi hasil ekstrak dan kandungan flavonoid meningkat 173 % dan 443 %, masing-masing berbanding ekstrak Soxhlet. Analisis gas kromatografi-jisim spektrometri telah digunakan untuk menyiasat sebatian yang mungkin terdapat dalam ekstrak optimum. 1,2-epoxyhexadecane dan asid palmitik masing-masing adalah sebatian utama yang terdapat dalam ekstrak yang dioptimumkan untuk MAE dengan kawalan suhu dan MAE tanpa kawalan suhu. Oleh itu, MAE berpotensi menjadi satu kaedah pengekstrakan alternatif untuk pengekstrakan polifenol dari biji roselle kerana ia menawarkan tempoh yang pendek dan ekstrak yang berkualiti tinggi. __________________________________________________________________________________ Roselle is well known for its calyces that are used to prepare herbal beverages, jams and jellies because it has been long recognized as a source of antioxidants. However, roselle seeds in the velvety capsules are usually discarded as waste despite the fact that they contain good nutritional constituents. This is due to the limited exploitation of their usefulness and benefits as a potential alternative for human food source. Therefore, this study aims to determine the yield content, total phenolic content and total flavonoid content of defatted roselle seed extract prepared using microwave assisted extraction (MAE). MAE has not been applied in the extraction of roselle seed to the best knowledge, therefore this study is important. In this work, polyphenols were extracted using ethanol-water (70 % (v/v)) in a closed vessel under microwave irradiation with and without temperature control. The influence of different parameters on the extraction process (extraction time (min), microwave power (W), solvent to solid ratio (mL/g), extraction temperature (°C)) were studied. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to develop predictive models and optimization of the polyphenols recovery process. Without temperature control, the predicted MAE conditions of 10 min, 300 W and 97.7178 mL/g resulted in high yield (65.0367 ± 1.2450 %) and phenolic content (18.2244 ± 0.3310 mg GAE/g) due to the reaching of subcritical state. However, low flavonoids content (6.4524 ± 0.3035 mg QE/g) was unexpectedly obtained due to extract degradation at 163 C. On the other hand, the optimum conditions of MAE with temperature control (12 min, 290 W, 125 mL/g and 150 °C) were also identified to yield the highest phenolic (21.0950 ± 0.4907 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid content (8.9452 ± 0.1873 mg QE/g). The optimum MAE extract with temperature control contains similar phenolic content to the extracts of maceration and Soxhlet, but the yield and flavonoid content increased 173 % and 443 %, respectively than the Soxhlet extracts. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis was further used to investigate the possible compounds available in the optimum extract. 1,2-epoxyhexadecane and palmitic acid were the major compounds found in the optimized extract for MAE with temperature control and MAE without temperature control, respectively. Thus, MAE appears to be a potential alternative for polyphenols recovery from roselle seed as it offers short extraction duration and high quality of extract.
Contributor(s):
Nurul Izyatulikma Yusoff - Author
Primary Item Type:
Thesis
Identifiers:
Accession Number : 875008737
Language:
English
Subject Keywords:
exploitation; polyphenols; flavonoids
Sponsor - Description:
Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Kimia -
Originally created:
8/1/2017
Original Publication Date:
3/4/2020
Previously Published By:
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Place Of Publication:
School of Chemical Engineering
Citation:
Extents:
Number of Pages - 179
License Grantor / Date Granted:
  / ( View License )
Date Deposited
2020-03-04 11:43:19.989
Submitter:
Mohamed Yunus Yusof

All Versions

Thumbnail Name Version Created Date
Optimization of polyphenols recovery from defatted roselle seed using microwave assisted extraction / Nurul Izyatulikma Yusoff1 2020-03-04 11:43:19.989