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Evaluation of laboratory short-term ageing and rutting characterisation of bitumen and asphalt mastics / Noor Halizah Abdullah

Evaluation of laboratory short-term ageing and rutting characterisation of bitumen and asphalt mastics_Noor Halizah Abdullah_A9_2018_MYMY
Di Malaysia, bentuk retakan permukaan yang paling lazim adalah retakan dari atas ke bawah sebagai akibat beban berulang dan dipercepatkan oleh penuaan bitumen. Penuaan juga menyebabkan kegagalan struktur dan fungsi sebuah turapan asfalt. Menurut piawai makmal antarabangsa (ASTM D2872), penuaan jangka pendek disimulasikan dengan mengenakan bitumen kepada ujian ketuhar putaran lapisan nipis (RTFO). Walau bagaimanapun, sebilangan penyelidik melaporkan beberapa percanggahan antara keputusan yang diperolehi dari RTFO dan penuaan di tapak. Tesis ini membentangkan prosedur penuaan jangka pendek yang dibangunkan dengan menggunakan kaedah respon balas permukaan (RSM), untuk menentukan tempoh penuaan dan suhu yang sesuai yang mewakili penuaan yang berlaku semasa pengeluaran asfalt di loji campuran asfalt Malaysia. Prosedur pengoptimuman mencadangkan protokol penuaan dengan mengenakan bitumen kepada suhu 170°C selama 132 minit yang bersamaan dengan sifat bitumen yang diukur dari tapak. Tempoh dan suhu penuaan adalah faktor penting yang mempengaruhi sifat fizikal dan reologi bitumen penuaan jangka pendek. Pencirian reologi menunjukkan bahawa kelikatan bitumen meningkat dengan peningkatan tahap penuaan dan seterusnya meningkatkan rintangan ubah bentuk kekal bitumen. Kesan pengukuhan didapati bergantung kepada jenis bitumen, suhu dan tempoh penuaan, dan suhu ujian. Lengkung utama reologi bitumen dan mastik asfalt digambarkan menggunakan Model dua pegas, dua parabola dan satu daspot (2S2P1D). Model ini didapati menggambarkan dengan tepat sifat-sifat reologi dari kedua-dua bitumen dan mastik asfalt tanpa pengusiaan dan dengan pengusiaan. Tekanan ricih kumulatif menunjukkan pemulihan yang lebih tinggi bagi bitumen gred penusukan 60/70 yang diperolehi dari Quarry B berbanding dengan bitumen gred penusukan 80/100 dari Quarry A dan B. Sementara itu, mastik asfalt yang disediakan menggunakan bitumen asas gred 60/70 yang menggabungkan 60% kapur terhidrat sentiasa menunjukkan pemulihan yang lebih tinggi. Penuaan jangka pendek secara umumnya mengurangkan kepatuhan nyah pemulihan (Jnr) dan meningkatkan peratusan pemulihan (R) bitumen dan mastik asfalt. Berdasarkan perbandingan antara penunjuk ubah bentuk kekal, terdapat korelasi yang baik diantara penunjuk ubah bentuk kekal Superpave (G*/sin δ) dan Jnr untuk kedua-dua bitumen dan mastik asfalt. Pengisi kapur terhidrat sentiasa mencatatkan rintangan ubah benuk kekal yang lebih besar berbanding dengan mastik asfalt yang disediakan menggunakan simen Portland biasa. Tenaga pengaktifan (AE) mastik asfalt yang diuji antara 45 hingga 65°C menunjukkan pengurangan AE apabila frekuensi meningkat, manakala kandungan pengisi yang lebih tinggi dan penuaan meningkatkan AE. Penemuan ini juga sama dengan sampel yang diuji pada suhu antara 5 hingga 35°C. AE didapati dipengaruhi oleh jenis bitumen, jenis pengisi, kandungan pengisi, frekuensi dan julat suhu. Telah disimpulkan bahawa prosedur piawai RTFO tidak dapat mensimulasikan penuaan jangka pendek yang berlaku di tapak. Penuaan meningkatkan rintangan ubah bentuk kekal dan kapur terhidrat menunjukkan kesan pengukuhan yang lebih tinggi berbanding dengan simen Portland biasa. __________________________________________________________________________ In Malaysia, the most prevalent form of surface distress is top down cracking due to repeated loading accelerated by bitumen ageing. Ageing also causes structural and functional failures in asphalt pavement. According to international laboratory standards (ASTM D2872), short-term ageing is simulated by conditioning the bitumen in the rolling thin-film oven (RTFO) test. However, several researchers reported some discrepancies between the results obtained from the RTFO and field ageing. This thesis presents a short-term ageing procedure that was developed using response surface method, to determine the corresponding ageing duration and temperature that best mimicked ageing that took place during asphalt production in the Malaysian asphalt mixing plant. The optimization procedure suggested ageing protocols equivalent to conditioning at 170°C over a 132 minutes duration which corresponded to the measured bitumen properties recovered from site. Ageing duration and temperature were significant factors affecting the physical and rheological properties of short-term aged bitumen. Rheological characterisation indicated that bitumen viscosity increased with ageing severity and improved rutting resistance of bitumen. The stiffening effects were found to be dependent on bitumen type, ageing temperature and duration, and test temperature. The rheological master curves of bitumen and asphalt mastics were described using the two springs, two parabolic creep elements and one dashpot (2S2P1D) Model. This model was found to accurately describe the rheological properties of both unaged and aged bitumen and asphalt mastics. The cumulative shear strain showed slightly higher magnitudes of recoveries for 60/70 penetration grade bitumen obtained from Quarry B compared to 80/100 penetration grade bitumen from Quarry A and B. Meanwhile, asphalt mastics prepared using 60/70 base bitumen incorporating 60% hydrated lime always showed higher recoveries. Short-term ageing generally reduced non-recoverable compliance (Jnr) and increased percentage recovery (R) of the bitumen and asphalt mastics. Based on the comparison between rutting indicators, good correlations were found between Superpave rutting parameter (G*/sin δ) and Jnr for both bitumen and asphalt mastics. Hydrated lime filler always registered greater rutting resistance compared to asphalt mastics prepared using ordinary Portland cement. The activation energy (AE) of asphalt mastics tested between 45 to 65°C indicated a reduction in AE with higher frequency, while higher filler content and ageing increased AE. These findings were also similar for samples tested at temperatures ranging from 5 to 35°C. AE was found to be influenced by bitumen type, filler type, filler content, frequency and temperature range. It was concluded that the standard RTFO procedure was unable to simulate the actual short-term ageing that occurs on site. Ageing improved rutting resistance and hydrated lime showed higher stiffening effects compared to ordinary Portland cement.
Contributor(s):
Noor Halizah Abdullah - Author
Primary Item Type:
Thesis
Identifiers:
Accession Number : 875008809
Language:
English
Subject Keywords:
corresponded; rheological; penetration
Sponsor - Description:
Pusat pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam -
First presented to the public:
1/1/2018
Original Publication Date:
7/21/2020
Previously Published By:
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Place Of Publication:
School of Civil Engineering
Citation:
Extents:
Number of Pages - 334
License Grantor / Date Granted:
  / ( View License )
Date Deposited
2020-07-21 12:57:25.193
Submitter:
Mohamed Yunus Yusof

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Evaluation of laboratory short-term ageing and rutting characterisation of bitumen and asphalt mastics / Noor Halizah Abdullah1 2020-07-21 12:57:25.193