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Synthesis of fatty acid methyl ester (fame) from waste cooking palm oil using activated carbon modified with sodium carbonate catalyst

Synthesis of fatty acid methyl ester (fame) from waste cooking palm oil using activated carbon modified with sodium carbonate catalyst / Damian Raphael Chua Tong Hang

Abstract Asid lemak metilester (FAME) juga dikenali sebagai biodiesel, adalah sejenis cecair petrol yang mesra alam sekitar. Kaedah yang digunakan untuk menghasilkan biodiesel dalam tesis ini ialah sisa minyak masak transesterifikasi (WCO). Dalam Malaysia, permintaan minyak masak adalah sangat tinngi. Oleh itu, sisa minyak masak yang dihasilkan juga adalah sangat tinggi. Sisa minyak masak yang digunakan dalam eksperiment ini adalah dikumpul daripada cafeteria UniversitiSains Malaysia (USM). Eksperiment ini telah dijalankan untuk menentukan pemangkin yang paling sesuai dari Li/AC, Na/AC, Na/sepiolite, Ca berdasarkan tanah liat, K berdasarkan tanah liat and Na berdasarkan tanah liat dan pengeluaran biodiesel yang berhasil tertinggi. Selepas pemeriksaan dari pemangkin-pemangkin, pemangkin yang terbaika dalah Na/AC. Syarat-syarat operasi seperti metanol/WCO nisbah molar, pemangkin loading, Na+ loading, masa reaksi dan suhu pengkal sinan telah dikaji untuk menyiasat keadaan operasi optimum pemangkin. Faktor-faktor ini dianggap mempunyai impak yang besar kepada kecekapan penukaran reaksi. Dari eksperiment, keadaan operasi yang optimum ialah Na/AC dengan suhu pengkalsinan 550 ºC, masareaksi 7 jam, loading Na+ 11.08 %, loading pemangkin 3 g dan nisbah molar metanol:WCO 1:12. Ciri-ciri fizikal dan kimia pemangkin ditentukan dengan melakukan ujian SEM, EDX, FTIR dan BET. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) also known as biodiesel, is an environmental friendly liquid fuel. The method used to produce biodiesel in this thesis is transesterification of waste cooking oil (WCO). In Malaysia, the demand of cooking oil is very high. Meanwhile, the WCO produced in Malaysia is very high as well. The WCO used in the experiment was collected from the cafeteria of UniversitiSains Malaysia (USM). The experiment was conducted to determine the most suitable catalyst from Li/AC, Na/AC, Na/sepiolite, Ca based clay, K based clay and Na based clay and highest yield in the production of biodiesel. After screening of those catalysts, the best catalyst was Na/AC. The operating conditions such as methanol/WCO molar ratio, catalyst loading, Na+ loading, reaction time and calcination temperature were studied to investigate the optimum operation conditions of the catalyst. These factors are deemed to have big impact on the reaction conversion efficiency. From the experiment, the optimum operation condition is Na/Ac with 550 ºC of calcined temperature, 7 hours reaction time, 11.08 % of Na+ loading, 3 g of catalyst loading and 1:12 methanol:WCO molar ratio. The physical and chemical properties of the catalyst were determined by doing the tests of SEM, EDX, FTIR and BET.

Contributor(s): Damian Raphael Chua Tong Hang - Author Primary Item Type: Final Year Project Identifiers: Accession Number : 875005170 67 Language: English Subject Keywords: biodiesel; (WCO); environmental First presented to the public: 6/1/2013 Original Publication Date: 1/27/2020 Previously Published By: Universiti Sains Malaysia Place Of Publication: School of Chemical Engineering Citation: Extents: Number of Pages - 67 License Grantor / Date Granted:   / ( View License ) Date Deposited 2020-01-28 16:17:49.239 Submitter: Mohd Jasnizam Mohd Salleh

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