Kajian kesan persimpangan-T dalam bangunan terhadap tingkah laku pemindahan keluar bangunan ketika kecemasan telah dijalankan ke atas bangunan PPKA, USM. Persimpangan-T merupakan geometri di dalam bangunan yang boleh menjadi penyebab berkalunya sekatan kepada aliran pejalan kaki dan sentiasa sesak semasa waktu puncak terutama ketika pemindahan keluar bangunan sewaktu kecemasan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan masa evakuasi dan kesan tolakan berhampiran persimpangan-T dengan mengambil kira lebar koridor yang berbeza, dan menentukan lebar kritikal koridor bagi ketumpatan pejalan kaki yang berbeza. Di dalam kajian ini, dua parameter diambil kira iaitu ketumpatan pejalan kaki bangunan dan kelebaran koridor persimpangan-T. Sehubungan dengan itu, lima belas simulasi percubaan telah dijalankan pada domain ujian. Bagi tujuan simulasi, ‘Crowd Behaviour Simulator for Disaster Evacuation (CBS-DE)’, ‘Human Behaviour Simulator Tools (HBS tools)’, dan ‘Autodesk® MAYA® 2010’ diguna pakai. Hasil simulasi didapati, lebar terbaik persimpangan-T bagi ketumpatan penghuni 100, 150, dan 200 adalah 1.88 m, 2.26 m, dan 150 m, masing-masing. Untuk mengesahkan kebolehpercayaan dapatan, kesan tolakan antara pejalan kaki diambil kira. Bagi kesan tolakan yang selamat, daya interaksi yang dijadikan sebagai penanda aras adalah di dalam julat 175 N hingga 247 N.
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The study of T-shaped intersection effect on evacuation behaviour during emergency building egress was carried out at the building of PPKA, USM. T-shape intersection is one of the geometry that can trigger restrictions to pedestrian flow and always jammed during rush hour especially during emergency building egress. The objectives of this study were to determine the egress time and the repulsion effect near the T-junction in the building based on different corridor width, and to determine a corresponding critical width related to different density of pedestrians. There were two parameters considered in this study, (1) pedestrians’ density; and (2) the width of the T-junction corridor. Therefore, fifteen simulations were performed on a test domain. For the purpose of simulations, Crowd Behaviour Simulator for Disaster Evacuation (CBS-DE), Human Behaviour Simulator Tools (HBS tools) and Autodesk® MAYA® 2010 were employed. Based on fifteen trial simulations, the evacuation time and repulsion effect was obtain and analysed. As a result, the best width of T-junction intersection for density of occupants 100, 150, and 200 were 1.88 m, 2.26 m, and 150 m, respectively. To confirm the reliability of the results, the repulsion effects among the pedestrians was checked. For the safe contact force, the interaction force among pedestrians should be in the range of 175 N to 247 N.
Study of t-junction effect on evacuation behaviour during emergency building egress / Nur Aina Alias