Permintaan yang meluas terhadap keperluan petroleum telah menyebabkan kemunculan masalah terhadap tangki simpanan bawah tanah dan saluran paip minyak. Saban tahun, tangki dan saluran paip minyak ini akan berkarat yang menyebabkan kebocoran. Kebocoran ini akan menyebabkan minyak bergerak ke dalam tanah dibantu oleh faktor tertentu seperti jenis bahan petroleum, isipadu tumpahan minyak dan faktor persekitaran seperti hujan. Walaupun telah banyak kajian yang telah dijalankan, namun isu tumpahan minyak semakin teruk disebabkan faktor yang dinyatakan di atas. Walaubagaimana pun, faktor seperti isipadu tumpahan minyak menjadi faktor penting di dalam menentukan jumlah isipadu sebenar tumpahan minyak yang dapat mencemarkan persekitaran bawah bumi. Objektif utama kajian ini ialah untuk menentukan kesan isipadu tumpahan minyak terhadap pergerakan minyak kepada sempadan zon kapilari. Ciri-ciri tanah ditentukan melalui ujian-ujian makmal. Kemudian, parameter yang diperoleh akan digunakan di dalam model fizikal untuk menentukan pergerakan minyak di bawah tanah. Daripada ujian model satu dimensi, tinggi kapilari kelihatan selepas 24 jam ialah 260 mm. Pecahan saiz butiran mempengaruhi mekanisma kapilariti di dalam ujian ini. Selain itu, keliangan tanah juga merupakan faktor penting di dalam menentukan jumlah isipadu minyak sebenar untuk memenuhi ruang liang tanah. Sebanyak 3.013 x 10-4 m3 diperlukan berdasarkan pengiraan yang ditentukan. Setelah 150 mL diesel ditumpahkan, kesan terhadap pergerakan minyak begitu signifikan. Hal ini dikatakan demikian kerana, jumlah isipadu tumpahan minyak yang banyak dapat menggantikan bendalir bukan basah iaitu air dan udara. Secara keseluruhannya, isipadu minyak tersebut mencukupi untuk mencemarkan dan merosakkan tanah bumi.
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Widespread demand for petroleum has lead emerged problems associated with underground storage tanks and oil pipelines. Over the years, these pipelines and tanks can corrode and develop leaks. As the leaks occur, there will be tendency of petroleum products to migrate downwards providing due to certain factors such as type of petroleum products, volume of spills, and environmental factors which is precipitation. Despite many researchers have made and developed the remediation measures, the oil spills issue is getting worsened due to aforementioned factors. However, a few factors such as volume of oil spills can trigger how much the exact volume required to contaminate the subsurface environment. The main objective of this research is to determine the effect of oil spill volumes on the oil migration in the capillary fringe zone. The soil properties were classified through conducting laboratory tests. Afterwards, the parameters obtained from laboratory tests were used in a physical model to observe the oil behaviour within the soil sample. From one dimensional column test, capillary height observed after 24 hours was 260 mm. Grain size of soil particles clearly has affected the capillarity mechanism in the test. The saturated capillary height can also be referred as capillary fringe zone. Besides, soil porosity also becomes a crucial factor in determining volume of diesel required to occupy all the void spaces. An amount of 3.013 x 10-4 m3 of diesel to be spilled based on the calculations. As 150 mL of diesel was spilled, there is significant impact on migration depth which has contaminated the soil subsurface entirely. This is because large volume of diesel spilled can displace non wetting fluid which is water and air. Therefore, it is already sufficient for stated volume diesel to contaminate and deteriorate the soil.
Effect of oil spill volumes on the oil migration in the capillary fringe zone / Ahmad Syihan Syakirin Zulkifli