Pirolisis bermangkin buah tandan kosong menggunakan pemangkin ZSM-5 telah
disiasat untuk penukaran ke bahan api cecair alternatif yang boleh diperbaharui.
Kajian ini merangkumi pengajian faktor-faktor operasi seperti suhu pirolisis (450-
600 °C), muatan pemangkin (5-20 % berat) dan kadar aliran gas nitrogen, N2 (100-
250 mL/min) kepada hasil produk dan ciri-ciri bio-minyak. Buah tandan kosong
dicampur secara fizikal dengan pemangkin berbutir ZSM -5 dan ditindak balas
dalam reaktor lapisan tetap dengan memanipulasi keadaan operasi untuk mengenal
pasti keadaan operasi yang terbaik yang menghasilkan hasil cecair maksimum.
Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa hasil bio-minyak maksimum 45.25% telah
diperolehi pada suhu pirolisis terbaik iaitu 550 °C menggunakan 5% berat
pemangkin ZSM -5 dan gas nitrogen, N2 pada kadar 200 mL min-1. Minyak pirolisis
bermangkin telah diperiksa oleh analisis unsur dan penentuan nilai pemanasan,
keputusan menunjukkan bahawa kehadiran pemangkin telah meningkatkan
kandungan karbon dan hidrogen, manakala menurunkan kandungan oksigen dalam
bio-minyak, justeru meningkatkan nilai pemanasan berbanding dengan minyak
pirolisis terma diperolehi pada keadaan operasi yang sama. Bio-minyak pirolisis
bermangkin mengandungi 30.41% karbon, 20.78% hydrogen dan 47.02% oksigen
dengan nilai pemanasan 30.37 MJ/kg. Tambahan pula, analisis kromatografi gas
spektrometri jisim (GC-MS) untuk menyiasat komponen minyak pirolisis yang
diperolehi mendedahkan bahawa pemangkin berbutir ZSM -5 telah meningkatkan
pembentukan sebatian fenolik manakala mengurangkan pembentukan asid organik
yang tidak diingini.
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Catalytic pyrolysis of empty fruit bunch over ZSM-5 catalyst was investigated for its
conversion into renewable alternative liquid fuels. The present research encompasses
the impact of operation factors such as pyrolysis temperature (450 – 600 °C),
catalyst loading (5 – 20 wt.%) and sweeping gas (N2) flow rates (100 – 250 mL/min)
on the product yields and properties of bio-oils produced. Empty fruit bunch was
physically mixed with granular ZSM-5 catalyst and pyrolyzed in a fixed bed tubular
reactor by manipulating the operating conditions to identify the best operating
condition that yields maximum liquid yield. The results indicated that maximum biooil
yield of 45.25% was obtained at the best used pyrolysis temperature of 550 °C
with 5 wt.% granular ZSM-5 and sweeping gas (N2) flow rate of 200 mL min-1. The
catalytic pyrolytic oil was examined by ultimate analysis and heating value
determination, and the results indicated that the presence of catalyst increased the
carbon and hydrogen content, decreased the oxygen content of bio-oil and increased
the heating value as compared to thermal pyrolytic oil obtained at the same operating
condition. The bio-oil contained 30.41% carbon, 20.78% hydrogen and 47.02%
oxygen with a heating value of 30.37 MJ/kg. Furthermore, the gas chromatography
mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis to investigate the components of obtained
pyrolytic oils revealed that granular ZSM-5 catalyst could enhance the formation
desirable phenolic compounds while decrease the formation undesirable organic
acids.
Catalytic pyrolysis of empty fruit bunch fibre to bio–oil over zsm–5 catalyst / Vjayan Thrumakunasagran