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Preparation of nitrogen containing hydrochar by hydrothermal carbonization of water spinach and soy bean sprout waste

Preparation of nitrogen containing hydrochar by hydrothermal carbonization of water spinach and soy bean sprout waste / Nurul Syazliza Mohd
Hidroterma karbonisasi (HTC) adalah proses rawatan awal termokimia apabila biojisim dirawat pada keadaan suhu dan tekanan yang tinggi dan menghasilkan bahan berkarbon yang turut dikenali sebagai hidrochar. Hidrochar adalah salah satu pengganti ataupun alternatif untuk menggantikan arang. Bahan api fosil memerlukan ratusan hingga jutaan tahun untuk dihasilkan sementara hidrochar hanya memerlukan kurang dari 12 jam untuk dihasilkan. Sisa kangkung dan sisa tauge telah dipilih sebagai bahan asas dalam kajian ini kerana bahan tersebut merupakan salah satu sayur-sayuran yang mempunyai kadar pertumbuhan yang tinggi di Malaysia dan mudah didapati. Kangkung dan tauge adalah antara bahan utama dalam masakan di Malaysia. Di dalam kajian ini, proses HTC telah dibuat pada suhu 180 oC sehingga 200 oC selama dua hingga enam jam pada kadar pemanasan sebanyak 25 oC untuk seminit. Produk iaitu hidrochar yang dihasilkan ditapis dan dipanaskan di dalam ketuhar pada 105 oC untuk sehari . Keadaan yang terbaik untuk menghasilkan kadar pulangan produk tertinggi iaitu 44.60% adalah pada 180 oC selama enam jam. Sisa kangkung menghasilkan jumlah pulangan hidrochar lebih tinggi daripada sisa tauge iaitu 44.60% manakala sisa tauge pula 40.80% untuk kadar pulangan tertinggi. Hidrochar yang dihasilkan dicirikan menggunakan SEM, EDX dan FTIR untuk menunjukkan sifat hidrochar. Keputusan dari kajian ini menunjukkan sisa kangkung dan sisa tauge mempunyai potensi untuk penyediaan hidrochar menggunakan HTC. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a thermochemical pre-treatment process where solid biomass is treated under hot compressed water to produce carbonaceous material called hydrochar which is coal-water slurry state. Hydrochar is one of alternatives in replacing coal which takes hundred to million years to be formed while hydrochar only require less than 12 hours to produce. Water spinach and soy bean sprouts are selected as the feedstock in this research because of their higher production potential in Malaysia can be easily attain as Malaysian dishes always contain both of these type of vegetables. In this study, hydrothermal carbonization was done from 180oC to 200oC for 2 to 6 hours residence time. Raw feedstock was fed into hydrothermal carbonization at heating rate of 25oC/min. The product obtained was filtered and dried in oven at 105oC for one day, forming hydrochar. The best conditions that producing the highest yield of hydrochar was 180oC and 6 hour of residence time which producing 44.60% hydrochar yield. Water spinach waste was producing higher hydrochar yield than soy-bean sprout waste which are 44.60% and 40.80% respectively for the highest yield obtained. The hydrochars were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy- disperse x-ray (EDX) and fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) that shows the hydrochars properties. The results revealed that water spinach and soy-bean sprout waste were potential source for preparation of hydrochar by hydrothermal carbonization.
Contributor(s):
Nurul Syazliza Mohd - Author
Primary Item Type:
Final Year Project
Identifiers:
Accession Number : 875007560
Language:
English
Subject Keywords:
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC); pre-treatment process; carbonaceous material
First presented to the public:
6/1/2018
Original Publication Date:
7/18/2018
Previously Published By:
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Place Of Publication:
School of Chemical Engineering
Citation:
Extents:
Number of Pages - 43
License Grantor / Date Granted:
  / ( View License )
Date Deposited
2018-07-31 12:22:58.886
Date Last Updated
2019-01-07 11:24:32.9118
Submitter:
Mohd Jasnizam Mohd Salleh

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Preparation of nitrogen containing hydrochar by hydrothermal carbonization of water spinach and soy bean sprout waste1 2018-07-31 12:22:58.886