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Photocatalytic removal of phenol and basic blue 3 (BB3) using znoc3n4 under outdoor light irradiation / Noor Izzati Md. Rosli

Photocatalytic removal of phenol and basic blue 3 (BB3) using znoc3n4 under outdoor light irradiation_Noor Izzati Md. Rosli_K4_2016_MYMY
Pencemaran persekitaran telah menjadi masalah yang besar terutamanya kepada negara-negara membangun. Pencemaran air oleh pelbagai jenis bahan yang berbahaya boleh mengakibatkan impak yang negatif kepada persekitaran. Proses Pengoksidaan Lanjutan (AOP) telah diketahui mampu untuk merawat air yang telah tercemar sebelum dilepaskan. Di antara proses tersebut, pemfotomangkinan heterogen oleh pemangkin ZnO telah menarik minat sejak akhir-akhir ini. Walaubagaimanapun, masalah besar yang dihadapi oleh ZnO adalah kadar penyatuan semula pasangan e-/h+ yang tinggi yang boleh mengurangkan degradasi pemfotomangkinan. Jadi, gandingan ZnO dengan C3N4 yang mempunyai jurang tenaga yang rendah boleh menghalang penyatuan pasangan e-/h+ ini. Oleh itu, dalam kajian ini pemangkin ZnO/C3N4 dengan pelbagai peratusan berat C3N4 (0.7-4.9 berat%) telah berjaya disediakan melalui kaedah pengisitepuan yang mudah. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mensintesis dan mencirikan pemangkin ZnO/C3N4, untuk menilai kesan proses parameter ke atas degradasi pemfotomangkinan fenol dan basic blue 3 (BB3), untuk mengetahui pemineralan bahan pencemar di bawah keadaan terbaik, dan untuk mengesahkan proses kinetik pemfotomangkinan bahan pencemar di bawah keadaan terbaik. Bagi sampel yang terhasil; Pembelauan Sinar-X (XRD), Mikroskop Penghantaran Elektron Beresolusi Tinggi (HRTEM), dan Spectrum UV-vis Pantulan telah digunakan untuk pencirian. Keputusan XRD menunjukkan penambahan C3N4 di dalam penyediaan pemangkin tidak menunjukkan puncak sepadan dengan C3N4 mungkin disebabkan oleh kandungan C3N4 yang rendah. Keputusan SEM mendedahkan permukaan pemangkin kurang dipengaruhi oleh berat C3N4. Walaubagaimanapun, imej HRTEM menunjukkan bahawa hubungan yang rapat antara ZnO dan C3N4 sememangnya terbentuk dan hal ini berfaedah kepada degradasi pemfotomangkinan. Kemudian, aktiviti pemfotomangkinan untuk ZnO tulen dan pemangkin yang disediakan telah diuji untuk degradasi fenol dan BB3. Tiga pembolehubah proses telah dikaji; kesan beban pemangkin, kesan kepekatan awal bahan cemar, dan kesan bendalir pH. Keputusan menunjukkan semua pemangkin ZnO/C3N4 yang disediakan mempamerkan aktiviti yang lebih baik berbanding ZnO tulen terutamanya pemangkin dengan 3.5 berat% ZnO/C3N4 yang menunjukkan penyingkiran tertinggi peratusan. Keadaan optimum bagi beban pemangkin didapati pada 1g/L dan 0.5 g/L masing-masing untuk fenol dan BB3. Selain itu, kedua-dua bahan pencemar menunjukkan penyingkiran tertinggi peratusan pada kepekatan awal 5 mg/L dengan peratusan 99.4% dan 89.6% masing-masing untuk fenol dan BB3. Degradasi fenol paling bagus adalah pada pH 5.7 (99.4%) sementara untuk BB3 pada pH 7 (96.7%). Pada keadaan terbaik di atas, analisis TOC menunjukkan hanya 56.5% dan 63.6% penyingkiran TOC telah dicapai masing-masing untuk fenol dan BB3. Kinetik bagi degradasi fenol dan BB3 turut dikaji. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa kinetik bagi kedua-dua bahan pencemar ini mematuhi model Langmuir-Hinsheilwood (L-H). Akhir sekali, pemangkin 3.5 berat% ZnO/C3N4 mempunyai kebolehulangan dan keupayaan pemisah yang bagus mencadangkan potensi penggunaanya di dalam rawatan air sisa. __________________________________________________________________________________ Environmental pollution has become a major problem especially for developing countries. Water contamination by various kinds of hazardous substances might give negative impacts to the environment. Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP) are known to have the ability to treat the contaminated water before being discharged. Among them, heterogeneous photocatalysis by ZnO catalyst have attracted recent years. However, the major problem suffers by ZnO is a high recombination rate of e-/h+ pairs which can decrease the photocatalytic degradation. Thus, coupling of ZnO with small band gap value of C3N4 can prevent these recombination of e-/h+ pairs. Therefore, in this study ZnO/C3N4 catalyst with various C3N4 weight percentage (0.7-4.9 wt%) were successfully prepared by simple impregnation method. The objectives of this study are to synthesize and characterize the ZnO/C3N4 catalyst, to evaluate the effect of process parameters on photocatalytic degradation phenol and basic blue 3 (BB3), to determine the mineralization of pollutants under the best condition, and to validate the kinetic process of photodegradation of pollutants under the best condition. For the prepared samples; X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), and UV-vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectra (UV-vis DRS) have been used for characterization. XRD result showed that the addition of C3N4 in catalyst preparation gave no peak corresponding to C3N4 possibly because of the amount C3N4 was very low. SEM result revealed that the catalyst surface was less affected by C3N4 loading. However, HRTEM images showed that the intimate contact between ZnO and C3N4 was indeed formed and it is advantageous for the photocatalytic degradation. Then, the photocatalytic activity of pure ZnO and as-prepared catalyst were evaluated for the degradation of phenol and BB3. Three process variables were studied; effect of catalyst loading, effect of catalyst loading and effect of solution pH for both phenol and BB3. The result showed that all the ZnO/C3N4 catalysts prepared catalyst exhibited better activity compared to pure ZnO especially with 3.5 wt% ZnO/C3N4 catalyst which showed highest removal percentages. The optimum catalyst loading was found at 1 g/L and 0.5 g/L for phenol and BB3, respectively. Besides, both pollutants showed the highest removal percentage at the initial concentration of 5 mg/L with the percentages of 99.4% and 89.6% for phenol and BB3, respectively. Degradation of phenol was found favor at pH 5.7 (99.4%) while for BB3 at pH 7(96.7%). At the best condition above, the TOC analysis revealed that only 56.5% and 63.6% of TOC removal for phenol and BB3, respectively. Kinetic degradation of phenol and BB3 also has been studied. The result showed that the reaction kinetic for both pollutants obeyed Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) kinetic model. Finally, 3.5 wt% ZnO/C3N4 catalyst also has good repeatability and good separation ability suggested its potential application in wastewater treatment.
Contributor(s):
Noor Izzati Md. Rosli - Author
Primary Item Type:
Thesis
Identifiers:
Accession Number : 875008453
Language:
English
Subject Keywords:
heterogeneous; HRTEM; pollutants
Sponsor - Description:
Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Kimia -
Originally created:
1/1/2016
Original Publication Date:
1/28/2020
Previously Published By:
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Place Of Publication:
School of Chemical Engineering
Citation:
Extents:
Number of Pages - 130
License Grantor / Date Granted:
  / ( View License )
Date Deposited
2020-01-28 16:39:38.526
Submitter:
Mohamed Yunus Yusof

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Photocatalytic removal of phenol and basic blue 3 (BB3) using znoc3n4 under outdoor light irradiation / Noor Izzati Md. Rosli1 2020-01-28 16:39:38.526