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Effect of high temperature toward microalgal organic matter

Effect of high temperature toward microalgal organic matter / Harsimran Kaur Kler Lakbir Singh
Algal mekar serius boleh mempengaruhi operasi rawatan air, terutamanya proses rawatan membran terutamanya disebabkan oleh pengumpulan bahan organik alga (AOM). Kajian telah menunjukkan bahawa AOM mampu menimbulkan fouling yang teruk dalam proses membran tekanan rendah. Tahun-tahun kebelakangan ini, penyulingan membran (MD) telah mendapat perhatian yang ketara dalam industri untuk tujuan rawatan air. Walau bagaimanapun, fouling di MD berbeza daripada proses membran yang dipacu tekanan terutamanya disebabkan oleh suhu yang lebih tinggi yang digunakan dalam proses MD. Dalam kajian ini, pelbagai komponen AOM yang terdiri daripada bahan polimer ekstraselular (EPS) yang larut, EPS terikat dan bahan organik dalaman (IOM) dari tiga spesies alga benthik (Amfora coffeaeformis, Cylindrotheca closterium dan Navicula salinarum) dicirikan untuk kepekatan karbohidrat, pengagihan berat molekul karbohidrat dan kepekatan protein. Pencirian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis kolorimetrik, seperti kaedah asid fenol-sulfurik untuk mengukur kepekatan karbohidrat dan kaedah asid bicinchoninic (BCA) untuk menentukan kepekatan protein. Pencirian AOM dilakukan selepas alga dituai pada suhu bilik, dan juga selepas mereka terdedah kepada suhu yang lebih tinggi pada 60oC, 70oC dan 80oC selama 1 jam. Ini adalah untuk membandingkan ciri-ciri AOM pada keadaan biasa dan juga pada suhu yang lebih tinggi semasa proses penyulingan membran. EPS yang dihasilkan oleh tiga spesies alga terdiri daripada kepekatan karbohidrat yang lebih tinggi berbanding dengan protein, di mana terdapat 93.04% karbohidrat untuk mikroalga A. coffeaeformis, 78.35% untuk mikroalga N. salinarum dan 82.83% karbohidrat untuk mikroalga C. closterium. Sebaliknya, peratusan protein dalam mikroalga A. coffeaeformis ialah 51.77%, untuk mikroalga C. closterium ialah 40.97%, dan mikroalga N. salinarum adalah 72.25%. Oleh itu, kandungan karbohidrat dan protein berbeza dalam spesies yang berlainan, dan tidak dapat diperkatakan untuk setiap spesies alga. Apabila suhu yang terdedah kepada sel-sel algal meningkat, didapati kepekatan karbohidrat dan protein dalam EPS bertambah, sementara kepekatan karbohidrat dan protein dalam IOM menurun. Selain itu, didapati bahawa komposisi karbohidrat berat molekul yang lebih tinggi dalam AOM berkurangan pada suhu yang lebih tinggi, manakala komposisi karbohidrat berat molekul yang lebih rendah dalam AOM meningkat pada suhu yang lebih tinggi. Secara keseluruhan, komposisi karbohidrat, protein dan pengagihan berat molekul dalam EPS larut dalam EPS dan IOM pada suhu yang berbeza akan menentukan keparahan fouling di MD semasa alga mekar. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Algal blooms can seriously affect the operation of water treatment especially membrane treatment processes mainly due to accumulation of algal organic matter (AOM). Studies have shown that AOM is capable of causing severe fouling in low pressure membrane processes. In the recent years, membrane distillation (MD) has gained significant regard in the industry for water treatment purpose. However, fouling in MD differs from pressure-driven membrane processes mainly due to the higher temperature used in MD process. In this study, the different components of AOM, which are soluble extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), bounded EPS and internal organic matter (IOM) were extracted from three common species of benthic algae (Amphora coffeaeformis, Cylindrotheca closterium and Navicula salinarum) and they were characterized for the concentration of carbohydrate, the molecular weight (MW) distribution of carbohydrate and the concentration of protein. These characterization was done by employing colorimetric analysis, such as phenol-sulphuric acid method to measure the carbohydrate concentration and bicinchoninic acid (BCA) method to determine the protein concentration. The characterization of the AOM was done after the algal were harvested at room temperature, and also after they were exposed to higher temperature at 60oC, 70oC and 80oC for 1 hour. This is to compare the characteristics of the AOM at normal conditions and also at higher temperature during MD process. The EPS produced by the three algal species comprised of higher concentration of carbohydrate compared to protein, where there is 93.04 % of carbohydrate for A. coffeaeformis diatoms, 78.35 % for N. salinarum diatoms and 82.83 % of carbohydrate for C. closterium diatoms. On the other hand, the protein percentage in A. coffeaeformis diatoms was 51.77 %, for C. closterium diatoms was 40.97%, and for N. salinarum diatoms was 72.25%. Hence, the carbohydrate and protein content varies in different species, and cannot be generalized for every algal species. When the temperature exposed to the algal cells were increased, it was seen that the concentration of carbohydrate and protein in EPS increases, while the concentration of carbohydrate and protein in IOM decreases. Apart from that, it was found that the composition of higher MW of carbohydrate in AOM decreases at higher temperature, while the composition of lower MW of carbohydrate in AOM increases at higher temperature. Overall, the compositions of carbohydrate, protein and the MW distributions in the soluble EPS, bounded EPS and IOM at different temperatures will likely dictate the severity of fouling in MD during algal blooms.
Contributor(s):
Harsimran Kaur Kler Lakbir Singh - Author
Primary Item Type:
Final Year Project
Identifiers:
Accession Number : 875008081
Language:
English
Subject Keywords:
Algal; water; treatment
First presented to the public:
6/1/2019
Original Publication Date:
6/26/2019
Previously Published By:
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Place Of Publication:
School of Chemical Engineering
Citation:
Extents:
Number of Pages - 86
License Grantor / Date Granted:
  / ( View License )
Date Deposited
2019-06-26 18:06:04.743
Submitter:
Mohd Jasnizam Mohd Salleh

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