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Dynamic optimization of low density polyethylene production in tubular reactor under thermal safety and fouling resistance constraints / Ashraf Azmi

Dynamic optimization of low density polyethylene production in tubular reactor under thermal safety and fouling resistance constraints_Ashraf Azmi_K4_2019_MYMY
Sifat yang sangat eksotermik proses pempolimeran polietilena berketumpatan rendah (LDPE) dan prasyarat pemanasan serta penyejukan dalam reaktor tiub boleh mengakibatkan pelarian haba dan juga boleh mencetuskan masalah mendakan. Keduadua masalah ini boleh membawa kepada isu-isu keselamatan dan ekonomi jika tidak dikawal dengan betul. Oleh itu, mereka perlu dipertimbangkan semasa mengoptimumkan pengeluaran LDPE untuk memastikan keuntungan tertinggi dan operasi yang selamat dapat dicapai. Walau bagaimanapun, ini bukanlah suatu tugas yang mudah kerana penukaran monomer (XM), yang biasanya berkadar dengan keuntungan tinggi, boleh dicapai pada suhu tindak balas yang tinggi dan boleh membawa kepada pembentukan mendakan yang tinggi. Oleh itu, kajian pengoptimuman dinamik untuk mendapatkan pengeluaran optimum LDPE di bawah keselamatan terma dan kekangan rintangan mendakan perlu dijalankan.Satu modelmatematikal di buat dan disahkan menggunakan data perindustrian.Untuk pertimbangan keselamatan haba, satu bentuk keseimbangan tenaga yang sesuai dibangunkan dan suhu kritikal reaktor ( ) ditentukan. Sementara itu, untuk kajian mendakan, rintangan mendakan (Rf) digunakan sebagai pengukuran mendakan. Kajian ini menggunakan perubahan dalam pekali pemindahan haba (U) yang ditentukan dari data industry dan mendakan reaktor maksimum ( ) juga ditentukan. Berdasarkan kajian kepekaan, kadar aliran monomer (FM), kadar aliran pemula (FI), kadar aliran pelarut (FS), tekanan masuk reaktor (Pin) dan suhu jaket reaktor (TJ) dipilih sebagai pembolehubah parameter yang dioptimumkan manakala jaket reaktor TJ dipilih sebagai pemboleh ubah kawalan dalam pengoptimuman dinamik. Dalam kajian pengoptimuman dinamik, masalah pengoptimuman diselesaikan dengan menggunakan pengaturcaraan berkod dynopt. Dalam pelbagai kajian kes kekangan, hasil menunjukkan bahawa kes pengoptimuman tanpa keselamatan haba ( ) dan kekangan mendakan ( ) memberikan XM yang lebih tinggi berbanding kes pengoptimuman dengan dan . Lima fungsi objektif yang berbeza (OF) dipertimbangkan, untuk mengenal pasti prestasi reaktor yang paling optimum. Hasil reaktor paling optimum diperoleh dari OF keuntungan maksimum dengan keuntungan yang diperolehi RM328.18 juta/tahun manakala dan berjaya dipenuhi pada 365.87 ℃ dan 49.48 cm2.sK/cal masing-masing. Secara keseluruhan, hubungan kompleks parameter proses reaktor tiub LDPE dan keseimbangan imbangan antara parameter input-output ditangani dengan baik oleh pengoptimuman dinamik. _______________________________________________________________________ The highly exothermic nature of the low density polyethylene (LDPE) polymerization process and the heating-cooling prerequisite in tubular reactor can lead to thermal runaway and can also create fouling problems. Both problems need to be considered when optimizing the LDPE production to ensure the highest profit and a safe operation can be achieved. However, this is not an easy task since the conversion of the monomer (XM), which is normally proportional to high profits, could be achieved at high reaction temperatures and could lead to a high fouling formation. Consequently, in this work, the dynamic optimization study to obtain the optimum production of the LDPE under thermal safety and fouling resistance constraints is carried out. Prior to the dynamic optimization study, the kinetic rate parameters estimation is carried out. A mathematical model is developed and validated using industrial data. For thermal safety considerations, a suitable form of energy balance is developed and the reactor critical temperature ( ) is determined. For the fouling study, fouling resistance (Rf) is used as the fouling measurement. This study uses the changes in the heat transfer coefficient (U) determined from industrial data in order to obtain the maximum reactor fouling resistance. Based on the sensitivity studies, monomer flow rate (FM), initiator flow rate (FI), solvent flow rate (FS) and reactor inlet pressure (Pin) are selected as the optimized parameter variables while reactor jacket temperature (TJ) is selected as the optimized control variable in the dynamic optimization. In the dynamic optimization study, the optimization problems are solved using dynopt coded programming which is based on orthogonal collocation (OC) and sequential quadratic programming (SQP) methods. In different constraints case studies, the results show that the optimization case without thermal safety and fouling resistance constraints gives a higher XM than the optimization case with and constraints. Five different objective functions (OF) are considered to identify the most optimum reactor performance. The thermal safety and fouling resistance constraints are considered and are successfully satisfied in all the cases. The highest of 365.99 ℃ and of 49.48 cm2. s.K /cal are obtained by maximum XM and maximum profit OFs, respectively. These values are below the and allowed which are 366 ℃ and 50 cm2. s.K /cal, respectively. The most optimum reactor output is obtained from the maximum profit OF with the profit earned of RM328.18 million/year while the and ,sucessfully satisfied at 365.87 ℃ and 49.48 cm2.s.K/cal respectively. Overall, the complex relation of the LDPE tubular reactor process parameters and the trade-off balance between the input-output parameters are handled very well by the dynamic optimization.
Contributor(s):
Ashraf Azmi - Author
Primary Item Type:
Thesis
Identifiers:
Accession Number : 875008835
Language:
English
Subject Keywords:
exothermic; polymerization; respectively
Sponsor - Description:
Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Kimia -
First presented to the public:
8/1/2019
Original Publication Date:
7/28/2020
Previously Published By:
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Place Of Publication:
School of Chemical Engineering
Citation:
Extents:
Number of Pages - 228
License Grantor / Date Granted:
  / ( View License )
Date Deposited
2020-07-28 11:54:01.513
Submitter:
Mohamed Yunus Yusof

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Dynamic optimization of low density polyethylene production in tubular reactor under thermal safety and fouling resistance constraints / Ashraf Azmi1 2020-07-28 11:54:01.513