Fokus utama dalam penyelidikan ini adalah mengenai prestasi tapisan batu kapur dalam penyingkiran ferum dan mangan dari sampel pra-pengozonan yang tersedia dari kajian sebelumnya. Ia bertujuan bagi menggantikan penggunakan tapisan antrasit yang digunakan di loji ketika ini. Sampel air adalah dari air bumi lubang jara yang terdapat di Kampus Kejuruteraan, USM, mewakili sampel sebenar di lubang jara loji rawatan air Pintu Geng, Kota Bharu, Kelantan. Sampel pra-perozonan telah disediakan dengan penyelarasan air bawah tanah USM kepada pH 8 dan kepekatan ferum dan mangan masing-masing 0.3mg/L ke 0.5mg/L. Batu kapur yang digunakan dianalisis kandungan CaCO3 nya menggunakan kaedah X-ray fluorescence. Kajian lajur dilaksanakan dalam penyelidikan ini menggunakan batu kapur bersaiz 1.18-2.00 mm. Keputusan XRF menunjukkan bahawa batu kapur yang digunakan mengandungi 85% CaCO3. Perbandingan sumber air menunjukkkan tiada perbezaan yang ketara dalam kualiti air antara Loji Rawatan Air Pintu Geng dan lubang jara di USM. Kajian lajur selama 7 hari menunjukkan penyingkiran ferum dan mangan adalah masing-masing 83% dan 90%. Kajian lajur juga menunjukkan mangan mengambil masa 660 minit untuk mencapai masa telus (Ct/Co = 0.1) tetapi tidak bagi ferum. Batu kapur sebagai media penapis kos rendah adalah dicadangkan untuk menggantikan antrasit yang digunakan Loji Rawatan Pintu Geng Air. Kedua-dua sisa baki ferum dan mangan mematuhi Standard Kualiati Air Minum Kebangsaan.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
This research focuses on limestone filter performance in the removal of iron and manganese from a prepared pre-ozonated sample pre-prepared from the previous study. It aims to replace anthracite filter currently in use at the treatment plant. The sample was taken from groundwater tube well in USM Engineering Campus, resembling the tubewell at the Pintu Geng Water Treatment Plant, Kota Bharu, Kelantan. The pre-ozonated sample was prepared by adjusting the groundwater from USM tubewell to pH 8 with iron and manganese concentrations within range 0.3mg/L to 0.5mg/L, respectively. The limestone was first analysed for the CaCO3 content using X-ray fluorescence method. A column study was used in this study using limestone particles with size 1.18-2.00 mm. The XRF results showed that the limestone used contained 85% CaCO3. Comparison on water quality indicated that there no obvious difference was observed between the water quality at Pintu Geng Water Treatment Plant and USM groundwater tube well. 7 days column study via filtration treatment indicates that the best performance of iron and manganese removals were 83% and 90%, respectively. Column study also shows that manganese took 660 minutes to achieve breakthrough time (Ct/Co= 0.1) but not for iron. Limestone as low-cost media filter is proposed to replace anthracite used at Pintu Geng Water Treatment Plant. Both iron and manganese residual complied with the National Drinking Water Standard.
Removal of iron and manganese from pre ozonated groundwater using limestone filter / Shahanis Nabila Mohd Shakri