Removal of ammoniacal nitrogen and suspended solids in sewage wastewater by using ferrous sulfate in coagulation process via zeta potential and particles size measurements
Pencirian kumbahan yang komprehensif telah dijalankan untuk lebih memahami sifat kumbahan yang dijana di kawasan domestik dan komersil. Telah dinyatakan bahawa kumbahan ciri di kawasan tempatan menyerupai ciri-ciri sisa kumbahan biasa yang dilaporkan di seluruh dunia. Dalam fasa pertama kajian ini, untuk menentukan ciri-ciri awal air kumbahan bagi setiap sampel dan kualiti air kumbahan, kerja-kerja makmal telah dijalankan termasuklah ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solid (TSS) dan e.coli. Seterusnya, bagi fasa kedua kajian ini, digunakan untuk menganalisis dan mengukur potensi zeta purata dan saiz zarah sebagai fungsi pH dilakukan secara berasingan untuk air sisa kumbahan dan koagulan yang terpilih iaitu daripada ferus sulfat terhidrat, FeSO4.7H2O. Berdasarkan analisa peringkat pertama, julat pH optimum telah ditentukan terlebih dahulu iaitu pH 2 dan pH 8. Ini kemudiannya diikuti melalui pemerhatian agregat dan perlakuan pembahagian zarah-zarah saiz dalam kotoran air kumbahan kerana interaksi dengan koagulan sebagai fungsi kepekatan koagulan. Akhir sekali, ujian balang dilakukan untuk mengesahkan penemuan awal dengan menilai penyingkiran pencemar yang dipilih dalam nilai peratusan (%). Telah dilaporkan bahawa pada pH 2, peratusan penyingkiran polutan bagi BOD5, COD dan TSS masing-masing adalah 86.0%, 88.9% dan 73.5% iaitu lebih tinggi berbanding dengan pH 8 yang masing-masing mempunyai peratusan sebanyak 59.3%, 92.1% dan 66.7%. Walau bagaimanapun, untuk kepekatan NH3-N dan e.coli untuk pH 2 masing-masing diperoleh 33.9% dan 66.1% manakala pH 8 masing-masing adalah 21.9% dan 64.1%. Oleh itu, objektif untuk mengira peratusan pembuangan pencemar berdasarkan julat optimum pH iaitu pH 2 dan pH8 serta koagulan yang telah ditetapkan telah dicapai.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
A comprehensive sewage characterization was conducted to further understand the nature of sewage generated in domestic and commercial areas. It was revealed that the characteristic sewage in domestic areas resembled the typical sewage characteristic reported globally. In the first phase of this study, to characterize the initial wastewater characteristics for each sample and wastewater quality, laboratory work were carried out included ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solid (TSS) and e.coli. Next in the second phase of this study, to analysis and measurements of the average zeta potential and particles size as a function of pH were carried out separately for the sewage wastewater and the selected coagulant which is the selected of coagulant was ferrous sulfate hydrated, FeSO4.7H2O. Based on the results, the optimum pH range was predetermined which is pH 2 and pH 8. This is subsequently followed through by observing the aggregation and disaggregation behaviour of the size particles in the sewage wastewater due to the interaction with the coagulant as the function of the coagulant concentration. Finally, a jar test was conducted to validate the preliminary findings by evaluating selected pollutant removal in percentage values (%). It was reported that for pH 2, percentage of pollutant removal for BOD5, COD and TSS were 86.0%, 88.9% and 73.5% respectively which higher compared to pH 8 that obtained of 59.3%, 92.1% and 66.7% respectively. However, for concentration of NH3 –N and e.coli at pH 2 were obtained of 33.9% and 66.1% respectively while pH 8 is about 21.9% and 64.1% respectively. Hence, the objective to calculate the percentage of pollutant removal based on the predetermined optimum pH which is pH 2 and pH8 and coagulant dosage range has been achieved.
Removal of ammoniacal nitrogen and suspended solids in sewage wastewater by using ferrous sulfate in coagulation process via zeta potential and particles size measurements
Removal of ammoniacal nitrogen and suspended solids in sewage wastewater by using ferrous sulfate in coagulation process via zeta potential and particles size measurements / Fatin Farhana Kamarzaman