Baru – baru ini larut lesapan di tapak pelupusan sampah menjadi satu isu besar di dalam negara ini. Hal ini kerana, apabila pengurusan tapak pelupusan sampah tidak mempunyai rawatan yang sesuai untuk pembuangan larut lesapan akan mengancam manusia dan hidupan akuatik. Larut lesapan mengandungi pelbagai pencemar pekat seperti keperluan oksigen kimia (KOK), warna dan ammonia. Pada masa kini, terdapat banyak penyelidikan memberi tumpuan kepada penghasilan karbon teraktif oleh bahan buangan buah-buahan tropika. Dalam kajian ini, karbon teraktif dihasilkan daripada bahan buangan tropika yang merupakan buah cemara. Buah cemara telah diaktifkan melalui pengaktifan kimia menggunakan kalium hidroksida (KOH) sebagai ejen pengaktifan. Ianya panaskan dengan pemanas melalui relau elektrik pada suhu 600˚C dengan peningkatan suhu 30˚C / minit dalam masa satu jam, merupakan keadaan optimum. Selepas itu, karbon teraktif yang dihasilkan ditanam dengan nano tembaga. Karbon teraktif yang terhasil berciri liang meso dengan diameter liang dalam lingkungan 0.2μm ke 20μm. Analisis mikroskopi elektron imbasan (SEM), karbon teraktif menunjukkan pembangunan liang yang tinggi pada permukaannya. Komposisi karbon teraktif selepas ditanam dengan nano tembaga diukur menggunakan EDX dan hasilnya menunjukkan 82,53% karbon, 13.98% oksigen dan 3.49% tembaga. Kesan pH awal, masa sentuhan dan dos penjerapan terhadap kecekapan telah dinilai melalui kajian penjerapan berkelompok. Penyingkiran KOK meningkat apabila dos penjerap telah meningkat. Penjerap dos optimum adalah 10gram dengan 45% penyingkiran KOK, 31% daripada penyingkiran warna dan penyingkiran ammonia optimum apabila penjerap dos 10-gram adalah 51%. Dari hasil penyelidikan, untuk penyingkiran tertinggi bagi KOK adalah 95% apabila pH awal adalah pada pH 4 manakala ammonia menunjukkan penyingkiran peratusan tertinggi 71% apabila pH awal 10. Masa sentuhan optimum untuk KOK, warna dan ammonia adalah 45 minit untuk mencapai kecekapan yang terbaik. Penjerapan COD dan warna telah terbaik dipasang oleh model garisan sesuhu Freundlich berbanding ammonia, regresi korelasi, R2 adalah 0,8451, 0,8315 dan 0,6608, masing-masing. Tidak disangkal, isoterma Freundlich sesuai dipadan kepada karbon teraktif.
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Recently, landfill leachate become a big issues in our country. This is because the landfill management of discharging leachate was improper treatment, then it cause hazard threats to human being and aquatic life. The composition of leachate consist of various concentrated pollutants such as COD, colour and ammonia. Nowadays, there are a lot of research focuses on developing of activated carbon by tropical fruit waste product. In this research, the activated carbon developed from tropical waste which is casuarinas fruit. The casuarinas fruit was activated through chemical activation using potassium hydroxide (KOH) as the activating agent. It carbonized following conventional heating via electric furnace at 600˚C with the increasing temperature 30˚C/minutes in one hour which the optimum condition in this studied. After that, the activated carbon produced were embedded with nano copper. The activated carbons prepared were mesoporous with the pore diameter within 0.2μm to 20μm. From the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analyses showed the activated carbon demonstrated the high pore development on it surfaces. The composition of activated carbon after embedded with nano copper was measured using EDX and the result showed 82.53% of carbon, 13.98% of oxygen and 3.49% of copper. The effects of initial ph, contact time and adsorbent dosage onto the adsorption performances were evaluated through batch adsorption study. The COD removal increased when the adsorbent dosage were increased. The optimum adsorbent dosage was 10gram with 45% removal of COD, 31% of colour removal and the optimum ammonia removal when the adsorbent dosage 10 gram was 51%. From the result, showed pH 2 was effective for colour removal which 98% removal. Then, for the highest removal of COD which 95% when the intial pH was at pH 4 while ammonia showed the highest percentage removal 71% when initial pH 10. The optimum contact time for COD, colour and ammonia was 45 minutes to achieve the highest efficiency. The adsorption of COD and colour were best fitted by the Freundlich isotherm model compared to ammonia, which the correlation regression, R2 were 0.8451, 0.8315 and 0.6608, respectively. Otherwise the Freundlich isotherm were fitted to activated carbon.
Removal of organic material from landfill leachate by nano copper embedded activated carbon / Siti Noor Faizah Mohd Yusof