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3D printer system design and development

3D printer system design and development / Fan Jian Rong
Teknologi percetakan 3D telah merevolusikan pembuatan tradisional subtraktif dan dikenali sebagai pembuatan tambahan dengan mengabungkan bahan secara berlapisan sehingga satu 3D model dihasilkan. Namun, disebabkan keadaan sistem terbuka dalam sistem pergerakan mesin pencetakan 3D, isu ini menyebabkan masalah pergeseran lapisan semasa pencetakan dan mengakibatkan kegagalan dan pembaziran plastik. Oleh itu, projek ini bertujuan untuk merangka sistem tertutup dalam gerakan motor stepper untuk membetulkan masalah pemindahan lapisan. Dengan itu, mesin pencetakan 3D dibina dengan bantuan Solidworks untuk merekabentuk mekanisme lipatan serta pemasangan tambahan pengekod linier optik AVAGO pada paksi XY. Pengesanan langkah masukan dan isyarat arah dari firmware dijalankan dengan pengekodan Arduino, sama dengan pengesanan jarak dari pengekod lelurus pengawal motor direka oleh Arduino UNO untuk menerima isyarat dari firmware dan menghasilkan keluaran kepada pemandu motor Stepper A4988, di mana tindak balas motor akan dipantau oleh pengekod lelulus sebagai maklum balas kepada system tertutup dengan cara transformasi dwilelurus untuk berinteraksi dengan mikrokontroler Arduino. Prototaip pencetak 3D mudah alih dipasang dan telah terbukti mekanisme lipatan berfungsi. Prestasi pengawal fasa mendulu dianalisa dari segi maklum balas pengekod lelurus, kestabilan sistem, dan ketepatan pengawal. Pengekodan linier menunjukkan penurunan ketepatan pada jarak jauh dalam sistem terbuka kerana resolusi yang lebih rendah. Dari segi kestabilan, gandaan K = 0.25 digunakan untuk fungsi pengawal fasa mendulu untuk mendapatkan tindak balas yang stabil tanpa ayunan. Ketepatan yang tinggi diperolehi daripada pengawal fasa mendulu dan dikekalkan pada purata 96.26% untuk paksi X dan 97.23% untuk paksi Y. Sistem ini kemudiannya dinilai dari segi pampasan pemindahan lapisan di mana daya luaran dikenakan kepada kepala cetakan pada paksi X dan katil percetakan pada paksi Y untuk bergerak jauh dari kedudukan asal. Sistem ini berjaya membetulkan kesilapan dan beralih kembali ke posisi yang diperlukan, menunjukkan kejayaan sistem gelung tertutup dalam gerakan stepper untuk pulih dari masalah pergeseran lapisan. Semua objektif telah dicapai. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ The advent of 3D printing has revolutionized the traditional subtractive manufacturing and being recognized as additive manufacturing where materials are added, joined or fused together successively layer by layer. However, due to open loop condition in 3D printer motion system, this may lead to layer shifting problem and result in failures and wastage of plastic. Therefore, this project aims to design a closed loop system in the stepper motion to rectify the layer shifting problem during printing. Therefore, a 3D printer is constructed with the help of Solidworks to design an innovative foldable mechanism to the printer structure as well as the installation of AVAGO incremental optical linear encoder on the XY gantry. The detection of input step and direction signal from firmware is conducted with the help of Arduino libraries, same goes to the detection of distance from linear encoder. A motor controller is designed using Arduino UNO as the control unit to receive the input signal from 3D printer firmware and generate output to the A4988 stepper motor driver to run the motor, where the response is monitored by linear encoder as the feedback for the closed loop system using bilinear transformation in order to interface with the Arduino microcontroller. The prototype of portable 3D printer is assembled and has proved to be working for its folding mechanism. The phase lead controller is being analyzed for its performance in terms of feedback of linear encoder, stability of the system, and accuracy of the controller. The linear encoder shows a dropping accuracy for longer distance in open loop system. This is due to its lower resolution compared to microstepping stepper motor. In terms of stability, a gain of K=0.25 is applied to the phase lead controller to obtain a stable response without oscillation. High accuracy is obtained for the phase lead controller and is maintained at average of 96.26% for X axis and 97.23% for Y axis. The print head is deliberately perturbed by an external force during the printing task to evaluate the designed controller performance in disturbance rejection. The system manages to rectify the error and shift back to the required position, showing the success of closed loop system in stepper motion to recover from layer shifting problem. All the objectives have been achieved.
Contributor(s):
Fan Jian Rong - Author
Primary Item Type:
Final Year Project
Identifiers:
Accession Number : 875008663
Language:
English
Subject Keywords:
3D; printing; revolutionized
First presented to the public:
6/1/2019
Original Publication Date:
3/5/2020
Previously Published By:
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Place Of Publication:
School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering
Citation:
Extents:
Number of Pages - 85
License Grantor / Date Granted:
  / ( View License )
Date Deposited
2020-03-05 15:46:07.719
Date Last Updated
2020-11-26 10:48:42.085
Submitter:
Mohd Jasnizam Mohd Salleh

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3D printer system design and development1 2020-03-05 15:46:07.719