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Synthesis of biodiesel from palm oil using Ky(MgCa)2xO3 catalyst

Synthesis of biodiesel from palm oil using Ky(MgCa)2xO3 catalyst / Lee Siew Cheng
Objektif kerja ini adalah untuk memanfaatkan cangkerang telur sebagai pemangkin murah untuk pengtransesteran minyak sawit menjadi biodiesel. Cangkang telur, sebagai sumber kalsium, telah ditambah dengan nitrat magnesium dan nitrat kalium untuk membentuk pemangkin komposit. Pemangkin yang digunakan adalah material komposit, iaitu Ky(MgCa)2xO3, dengan x = 1.2 dan y = 0.6. Pemangkin itu dikalsinasi pada suhu 830 oC selama 4 jam. Tindak balas dilakukan dalam reaktor batch. Tiga pembolehubah tindak balas diubah untuk mengetahui pengaruh setiap pembolehubah ke jumlah ester metil asid lemak (FAME) yang dihasilkan, meliputi jumlah pemangkin yang digunakan, masa untuk tindak balas, dan nisbah metanol / minyak. Semua tindak balas ditetapkan pada suhu malar 65 oC. DOE digunakan untuk mengoptimumkan pembolehubah tindak balas. Tindak balas optimum untuk menghasilkan pengeluaran tertinggi memerlukan 5.35% pemangkin, 4.54 jam untuk tindak balas, dan nisbah 16.10 metanol/minyak. Pada keadaan ini, hasil FAME sebanyak 85.8% diperolehi. Keputusan kajian menunjukkan bahawa cangkang boleh dimanfaatkan sebagai pemangkin, hal ini dapat mengurangkan kos bahan mentah, dan meminimumkan masalah persekitaran sedangkan sisa pepejal telah dimanfaatkan. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ The objective of this work was to utilize eggshell as low-cost catalyst for the transesterification of palm oil to biodiesel. Eggshell, the source of calcium, was modified with magnesium nitrate and potassium nitrate to form a composite catalyst. The catalyst used was a Ky(MgCa)2xO3 composite material, with x = 1.2 and y = 0.6. The catalyst was calcined at a temperature of 830 oC for 4 h. The reaction was conducted in batch reactor. Three reaction parameters were conducted to investigate the effect of each parameter to the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield, which include catalyst loading, reaction time, and methanol/oil molar ratio. All the experimental runs were set at a constant temperature of 65 oC. Design of experiment (DOE) was used to optimize the reaction parameters. The optimum reaction condition to produce highest FAME yield was 5.35 wt% catalyst loading, 4.54 h of reaction time, and 16.10 methanol/oil molar ratios. At this optimum condition, a FAME yield of 85.8% was obtained. The results revealed that the eggshell can be utilized as catalyst; this can significantly reduce the raw material cost, and minimizes the environment problem as the solid waste had been utilized.
Contributor(s):
Lee Siew Cheng - Author
Primary Item Type:
Final Year Project
Identifiers:
Accession Number : 875003849
Language:
English
Subject Keywords:
eggshell; transesterification; biodiesel
First presented to the public:
4/1/2011
Original Publication Date:
8/28/2020
Previously Published By:
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Place Of Publication:
School of Chemical Engineering
Citation:
Extents:
Number of Pages - 71
License Grantor / Date Granted:
  / ( View License )
Date Deposited
2020-08-28 15:39:16.491
Submitter:
Mohd Jasnizam Mohd Salleh

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