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Flow visualization study of water tunnel for micro-hydrokinetic turbine application

Flow visualization study of water tunnel for micro-hydrokinetic turbine application / Teo Chen Lung
Penggunaan visualisasi aliran sering memainkan peranan penting dalam memahami masalah aliran bendalir. Tujuan penyelidikan ini adalah untuk menubuhkan satu kajian eksperimen bagi kajian visualisasi aliran turbin mikro hidrokinetik dalam terowong air dan untuk mengkaji kelakuan aliran di sekitar turbin mikro hidrokinetik. Kaedah suntikan pewarna digunakan sebagai teknik visualisasi aliran dalam kajian ini. Campuran pewarna terdiri daripada pewarna dengan air, pewarna dengan susu, pewarna dengan etanol, dan susu sahaja. Kombinasi nisbah yang digunakan untuk setiap campuran adalah berbeza, gabungan nisbah yang diuji ialah 1: 9, 3: 7 dan 5: 5 untuk pewarna-air; 1: 5: 4, 3: 3: 4 dan 5: 1: 4 untuk pewarna-air-susu; 3: 6: 1 dan 3: 6.5: 0.5 untuk pewarna-air-etanol. Semua campuran pewarna ini diuji dalam keadaan aliran yang berbeza seperti aliran statik, dan aliran dinamik pada 46rpm, 176rpm, dan 864rpm. Cara persediaan eksperimen adalah mudah dan kos-rendah, pengaliran campuran pewarna dari tangki pewarna ke tiub peluntur dibantu oleh sistem graviti. Eksperimen dijalankan dalam terowong air yang mempunyai dimensi bahagian ujian 0.25m × 0.25m × 0.85m (W × H × L), Model turbin air savonius untuk aplikasi hydrokinetic diletakkan di bahagian uji terowong air untuk kajian kelakuan aliran di sekitar model. Campuran pewarna-air (3: 7) dengan 10 titisan alkohol adalah campuran terbaik dalam keadaan aliran statik. Alkohol (etanol) menyebabkan laluan pewarna melintang dalam air supaya penafsiran medan aliran boleh dilakukan dengan tepat. Susu, pewarna-air, dan pewarna-air-susu menunjukkan pergerakan pewarna lengkung ke bawah apabila dikeluarkan daripada tiub peluntur kerana ketumpatannya lebih tinggi daripada air. Ini menyebabakan garis laluan lurus pewarna tidak dapat diperolehi. Ini menyimpulkan bahawa jenis campuran pewarna ini tidak boleh digunakan dalam keadaan aliran statik. Dalam aliran dinamik pada 46rpm, pewarna-air (1: 9) memberikan imej yang jelas dari segi pemerhatian corak aliran sekitar turbin, campuran nisbah ini tidak larut dalam air dengan pantas, tetapi turbin perlu diletakkan dekat dengan tiub peluntur (6cm) untuk mendapatkan laluan pewarna yang menlintang. Dalam aliran dinamik pada 176 rpm, semua campuran pewarna tanpa susu larut dengan cepat apabila dikeluarkan ke dalam aliran air. Pewarna-air-susu (3: 3: 4) adalah campuran yang terbaik kerana susu memanjangkan penyebaran pewarna dan menyebabkan aliran pewaran kelihatan cerah dan jelas dengan mengekalkan trajektori pewarna di dalam air, kandungan lemak dalam susu membantu melambatkan penyebaran pewarna. Dalam aliran dinamik berkelajuan tinggi pada 864rpm, kesan susu dalam memanjangkan penyebaran pewarna menjadi lebih jelas, campuran pewarna yang terbaik ialah pewarna-air susu (5: 1: 4). Semua jenis campuran bersifat berbeza dalam rejim aliran yang berlainan. Sesetengah campuran mungkin berfungsi dengan baik dalam rejim aliran tertentu, tetapi tidak semestinya yang lain. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ The use of flow visualization often plays a defining role in the understanding of many fluid flow problems. The purpose of this research is to establish an experimental set-up for flow visualization study of micro-hydrokinetic turbine in water tunnel and to investigate the flow behaviour around a micro-hydrokinetic turbine. Dye injection method was used as the flow visualization technique in this research. The dye mixtures consisted of dye with water, dye with milk, dye with ethanol, and milk. Each mixture has different ratio combination, the combination of ratio tested were 1:9, 3:7 and 5:5 for dye-water; 1:5:4, 3:3:4 and 5:1:4 for dye-water-milk; 3:6:1 and 3:6.5:0.5 for dye-water-ethanol. All these solutions were being investigated in different flow regimes such as the static flow, and dynamic flow at 46rpm, 176rpm, and 864rpm. These mixtures were tested and analysed in terms of clarity of the image and video taken, rate of dispersion in water, and the flow path line of the dye upon released from the dye ejector to find out the best type of mixture and combination ratios in different flow regimes. The experimental set-up is a simple, low-cost, and feasible set-up with the aid of the gravity-feed system. The experimental set-up was performed on a water tunnel with a savonius turbine. A savonius turbine model for hydrokinetic application was placed in the test section of the water tunnel to visualize and study the flow behaviour around the model. Dye-water (3:7) added with alcohol (ethanol) gives the best solution for flow visualization study in static flow. The alcohol (ethanol) added gives a straight path line to the dye so that successful interpretation of fluid flow can be performed accurately. While milk, dye-water, and dye-water-milk mixtures showed a downward curve movement once ejected from the ejector due to their density being higher than water, in other words, they are not neutrally buoyant. Thus, a straight path line could not be obtained, which concluded that they were not applicable in the static flow condition. In dynamic flow at 46rpm, dye-water (1:9) gives the best clarity in terms of flow pattern observation around the turbine. It did not dissolve quickly at this speed and there was no concentrated spot in the dye region. However, the turbine has to be placed closer to the ejector (6cm) to get a straight dye path line. In dynamic flow at 176rpm, all dye solutions without milk started to dissolve quickly once ejected. The dye-water-milk (3:3:4) was the best solution because milk prolonged the diffusion of dye at this speed, keeping the flow pattern visible by retaining the dye traces in the water, the fat content in the milk helps to retard the diffusion of dye. In dynamic high-speed flow at 864rpm, the effect of milk in prolonging the diffusion of dye became more significant, the best solution was dye-water-milk (5:1:4). Hence, all types of mixtures behave differently in different flow regime. Some mixture might perform well in certain flow regime, but not necessary the other.
Contributor(s):
Teo Chen Lung - Author
Primary Item Type:
Final Year Project
Identifiers:
Accession Number : 875008187
Language:
English
Subject Keywords:
visualization; fluid; micro-hydrokinetic
First presented to the public:
5/1/2019
Original Publication Date:
7/9/2019
Previously Published By:
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Place Of Publication:
School of Aerospace Engineering
Citation:
Extents:
Number of Pages - 72
License Grantor / Date Granted:
  / ( View License )
Date Deposited
2019-07-09 17:28:39.435
Submitter:
Mohd Jasnizam Mohd Salleh

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