The investigation of shear wave velocity by using multichannel analysis of surface wave (masw) method for development of microzonation map and its application to the industrial frame structures
Fenomena gempa bumi yang dapat dirasai Semenanjung Malaysia adalah berasal
dari Tanah Sumatera. Ia terutamanya berasal dari Zon Benam Sumatera dan Zon Peralihan
Sumatera. Negeri Pulau Pinang adalah salah satu negeri yang paling hampir dengan Tanah
Sumatera. Kebarangkalian untuk negeri ini menerima impak gegaran yang boleh
mendatangkan getaran kuat yang memberi kesan kepada penduduk dan struktur bangunan
adalah tinggi. Kajian ini memberi tumpuan yang khusus kepada sifat dinamik tanah iaitu
halaju gelombang ricih (Vs) yang mana untuk menghasilkan peta mikrozonasi seismik
serta menilai kesan kelonggaran tanah pada struktur bangunan perindustrian. Salah satu
parameter penting untuk penilaian seismik ialah halaju gelombang ricih (Vs), ia digunakan
untuk pembentukan peta seismik mikrozonasi. Kajian Analisis Pelbagai Saluran
Gelombang Permukaan (MASW) telah dijalankan di 18 lokasi di Kampus Kejuruteraan,
USM. Kesemua data halaju gelombang ricih (Vs30) telah diplotkan dengan menggunakan
Sistem Maklumat Geografi bersepadu (GIS). Tiga dimensi model rangka keluli bangunan
perindustrian telah direka dengan menggunakan perisian SAP2000. Butiran dimensi
model ini dirujuk daripada bangunan perindustrian yang sedia ada. Penggunaan pegas
tegar pada asas pad tetap akan mengambil kira nilai halaju gelombang ricih (Vs30) untuk
asas cetek. Selain itu, asas fleksibel dan asas tetap telah dibandingkan bagi menilai
prestasi struktur tersebut. Tambahan pula, kedua-dua model telah diuji melalui teknik
analisis berasaskan komputer untuk reka bentuk yang berdasarkan prestasi rangka model
berdasarkan beban sisi. Hasilnya, perbezaan peratusan untuk kedua-dua model ini ialah
30.36%. Dapatan ini menunjukkan bahawa penggunaan pegas tegar pada asas fleksibel
dapat mengurangkan ricih asas pada model rangka struktur industri dengan mengambil
kira interaksi struktur tanah.
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The earthquake phenomenon which affect Peninsular Malaysia are originated
from Sumatra land. It particularly from the Sumatra Subduction Zone and the Sumatra
Transform Zone. Penang states is one of the state in Peninsular Malaaysia nearest to the
Sumatra land. It has higher probability to receive the impact of the tremor waves that may
cause large vibration to building structures. This study focuses on determining the soil
dynamic property, which shear wave velocity at the top 30 meter (Vs30), for establishing
the seismic microzonation maps and evaluates the effect of soil flexibility on frame
structures of industrial building design in term of drift. As one of the most important
parameters for seismic evaluation, shear wave velocity (Vs) is used to develop the seismic
microzonation maps. Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) surveys were
carried out at 18 locations in Engineering Campus, USM which was the study area of this
research. All the average shear wave velocity (Vs30) data were plotted by using integrated
Geographical Information System (GIS), IDRISI Selva software. The model of industrial
building steel frame was built up in three-dimension model by using SAP2000 software.
The dimension details of this model was refered to an existing industrial building of steel
structures. The applications of spring stiffness for rigid footing spring constraints include
the average shear wave velocity (Vs30) for defining the shallow foundation of the structure.
Besides, the flexible-base and fixed-base model were developed to evaluate the structural
performance. Moreover, both models were test by a simple computer-based pushover
analysis technique for performance-based design of building frameworks subject to the
lateral load. As a result, the percentage difference of drift for both models is 30.36%. This
result shows that the application of spring stiffness of the fixed-base support was reduced
the base shear of industrial frame model by considering the soils structure interactions.
The investigation of shear wave velocity by using multichannel analysis of surface wave (masw) method for development of microzonation map and its application to the industrial frame structures
