Peningkatan bahan cemar alam sekitar seperti karbon dioksida (CO2) dan sisa kelapa sawit telah menjadi satu kebimbangan di Malaysia. Dalam usaha untuk mengurangkan bahan cemar terbabit, pengkarbonan abu minyak kelapa sawit (AMKS) menggunakan CO2 dari kalium hidrogen karbonat (KHCO3) telah diselidik pada situasi operasi dan setup yang berbeza. AMKS mentah telah dirawat terlebih dahulu melalui pengeringan, pengisaran dan pangkalsinan dan seterusnya dikarbonat oleh KHCO3 dalam keadaan akueus menggunakan penangas air. Kesan pengkalsinan (500-800 °C selama 90 & 180 minit), masa tindak balas (2-30 minit), suhu tindak balas (30-75 °C) dan kadar pengadukan (100-250 rpm) juga dinilai. Pembolehubah terbaik yang diperoleh menggunakan pentitratan kompleksometri Ca2+ ialah pada 800 °C (180 minit) pengkalsinan, 75 °C (20 minit) tindak balas dan 250 rpm yang memberi penyerapan 0.0023, 0.0079 and 0.0043 g CO2 /g AMKS masing-masing. Menggunakan keadaan yang sama (60 °C), tindak balas pengkarbonan telah diulang dan dibandingkan menggunakan penggoncang inkubator dan pensintesis gelombang mikro dengan pelesapan haba yang berbeza. Pensintesis gelombang mikro merupakan peralatan terbaik untuk pengkarbonan, dengan penyerapan CO2 sebanyak 0.0067 g/g AMKS. Pada 75 °C, AMKS telah berjaya menyerap 0.0098 g CO2/g AMKS. Masa tindakbalas kemudiannya dipelbagaikan menggunakan pensintesis gelombang mikro yang menunjukkan prestasi yang tetap mulai minit ke-10. AMKS juga telah dicirikan menggunakan mikroskop imbasan electron (SEM) yang memaparkan pengurangan karbon dan bendasing di dalam abu setelah proses pengkalsinan.
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Rise of environmental pollutants such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and oil palm waste have been a grave concern in Malaysia. In an effort to reduce the pollutants, carbonation of palm oil fuel ash (POFA) using CO2 locked in potassium hydrogen carbonates (KHCO3) was investigated at different operating conditions and setup. Raw POFA was first prepared by drying, grinding and calcining. After preparation, the ash was subsequently carbonated with KHCO3 in aqueous condition using water bath shaker. The effect of calcination (500-800 °C at 90 & 180 min), reaction time (2-30 min), reaction temperature (30-75 °C) and stirring rate (100-250 rpm) were also evaluated. The best conditions obtained using complexometric titration of Ca2+ were at 800 °C (180 min) calcination, 75 °C (20 min) reaction as well as 250 rpm which have resulted in 0.0023, 0.0079 and 0.0043 g CO2 captured/g POFA used respectively. Using similar operating conditions (60 °C), the carbonation reaction was repeated and compared using incubator shaker and microwave synthesizer with different heat dissipation. Microwave synthesizer demonstrates the best equipment to be used for carbonation, with CO2 capture of 0.0067 g/g POFA. At 75 °C, POFA was able to capture 0.0098 g CO2/g POFA. The reaction time was then varied for the microwave synthesizer which shows the constant performance starting from the 10th min. The POFA were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM) that shows a reduced carbon and impurities present in the ash after calcination.
Ash carbonation using carbon dioxide captured by carbonates / Aizat Mohd Aminuddin