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Quenching effects on solvent-free non- enzymatic esterification process using chemical and physical method

Quenching effects on solvent-free non- enzymatic esterification process using chemical and physical method / Mohd Iskandar Ibrahim
Rasa adalah bahan yang ditambah kepada makanan atau minuman untuk memberikan rasa keinginan dan ia telah berkembang dalam industri makanan yang diproses. Isoamyl acetate adalah rasa penting dalam industri makanan kerana ia mempunyai bau buatan yang hampir seperti pisang. Ia dihasilkan oleh tindak balas kimia antara isoamil alkohol dan anhidrida asetik yang dipanggil sebagai esterifikasi. Ester adalah sebatian organik di mana hidrogen dalam kumpulan karboksil kompaun digantikan dengan kumpulan hidrokarbon. Ester berasal dari asid karboksilik (anhidrida asetik) dan alkohol (isoamil alkohol). Walaupun karboksilat asid mempunyai kumpulan -COOH, hidrogen digantikan oleh hidrokarbon dalam ester. Sintesis isoamil asetat adalah tindak balas boleh balik yang bermaksud, isoamil asetat boleh ditukar kepada isoamil alkohol dan anhidrida asetik dengan kehadiran asid asetik dan air. Oleh itu, eksperimen ini dijalankan untuk mencegah tindak balas boleh balik dengan menghapuskan asid anhidrida dan asetik asetik melalui peneutralan atau memanipulasi suhu. Natrium bikarbonat dan natrium hidroksida digunakan sebagai ejen pelindapkejutan di mana mereka bertindak balas dengan asid anhidrida dan asetik asetik yang pasti dapat membentuk garam dalam peneutralan. Di samping itu, perubahan suhu sampel dari suhu ambien kepada antara 0-10 oC boleh menyebabkan asid asetik di dalam sampel untuk membentuk keadaan pepejal kerana titik lebur untuk asid asetik adalah 16oC. Natrium bikarbonat dan natrium hidroksida boleh menghalang reaksi yang boleh dipulihkan dan juga boleh menghentikan isoamil asetat untuk sintesis manakala perubahan suhu boleh menghalang tindak balas boleh balik berlaku. Empat jenis reka bentuk eksperimen yang berbeza telah dilaksanakan dengan sempurna adalah, eksperimen kawalan, pelindapkejutan 1, pelindapkejutan 2 dan pelindapkejutan 3. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Flavor is a substance that is added to a food or drink to give it a desire taste and it has been growing in the processed food industries. Isoamyl acetate is the important flavor in the food industry because it has an artificial smell almost like the banana flavor. It is produced by the chemical reaction between isoamyl alcohol and acetic anhydride which is called as an esterification. An ester is derived from carboxylic acids. An ester is an organic compound where the hydrogen in the compound's carboxyl group is replaced with a hydrocarbon group. Esters are derived from carboxylic acids (acetic anhydride) and alcohol (isoamyl alcohol). While carboxylic acid has the -COOH group, the hydrogen is replaced by a hydrocarbon in an ester. The synthesis of an isoamyl acetate is a reversible reaction which means, isoamyl acetate can convert to isoamyl alcohol and acetic anhydride with the presence of acetic acid and water. Hence, this experiment was conducted to prevent the reversible reaction occurred by eliminating the acetic anhydride and acetic acid by the neutralization or by manipulating the temperature. Sodium bicarbonate and sodium hydroxide were used as the quenching agents whereby they reacted with the acetic anhydride and acetic acid that certainly may form the salts in neutralization. Beside that, the changing of temperature of the sample from an ambient temperature to between 0-10oC may cause the acetic acid inside the sample to form to a solid state because the melting point for the acetic acid was 16oC. Sodium bicarbonate and sodium hydroxide can prevent the reversible reaction and also can stop the isoamyl acetate to synthesis. The changing of the temperature can prevent the reversible reaction to occur. Four different kind of experimental designs were most perfectly conducted which, the control experiments were, quenching 1, quenching 2 and quenching 3.
Contributor(s):
Mohd Iskandar Ibrahim - Author
Primary Item Type:
Final Year Project
Identifiers:
Accession Number : 875008080
Language:
English
Subject Keywords:
Flavor; taste; Isoamyl acetate
First presented to the public:
6/1/2019
Original Publication Date:
6/26/2019
Previously Published By:
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Place Of Publication:
School of Chemical Engineering
Citation:
Extents:
Number of Pages - 63
License Grantor / Date Granted:
  / ( View License )
Date Deposited
2019-06-26 18:09:42.025
Submitter:
Mohd Jasnizam Mohd Salleh

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Quenching effects on solvent-free non- enzymatic esterification process using chemical and physical method1 2019-06-26 18:09:42.025