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Extraction of oil from moringa oleifera seeds

Extraction of oil from moringa oleifera seeds / Amira Husna Taib
Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk mengekstrak minyak daripada biji Moringa oleifera dengan menggunakan kaedah pengekstrakan Soxhlet dan untuk mengenalpasti ciri-ciri fizikal serta kimia minyak ini bagi tujuan perbandingan dengan minyak zaitun. Pengekstrakan Soxhlet menggunakan heptana dengan takat didih 98.42°C sebagai pelarut untuk mengekstrak minyak tersebut. Suhu, masa pengekstrakan, saiz zarah biji Moringa oleifera dan nisbah pelarut kepada pepejal diubah-ubah nilainya di mana mampu memberi kesan kepada jumlah minyak yang terhasil. Penyejat berputar memisahkan pelarut daripada minyak setelah selesai pengekstrakan. Parameter-parameter optimum yang menghasilkan jumlah minyak paling tinggi adalah suhu pada 100°C, masa pengekstrakan selama 4 jam, saiz zarah kurang daripada 0.50 mm dan 15:1 nisbah pelarut kepada pepejal. Penghasilan minyak yang maksima adalah sebanyak 40.10%. Pencirian sebelum dan selepas pengekstrakan minyak dilakukan ke atas biji Moringa oleifera dengan menggunakan imbasan mikroskop elektron (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) dan ujian penganalisa unsur. Sebelum proses pengekstrakan dilakukan, didapati permukaan biji Moringa oleifera diselaputi oleh lapisan minyak dan unsur utama yang dikenalpasti adalah karbon. Selepas pengekstrakan, struktur permukaan menjadi poros (berliang), kumpulan alkana dengan ikatan stretching sederhana serta kumpulan C=O dengan ikatan stretching kuat telah dikeluarkan. Selain itu, peratusan unsur karbon dan hidrogen berkurang manakala untuk unsur nitrogen dan sulfur, peratusannya meningkat. Analisis GC/MS dijalankan untuk menentukan komposisi asid lemak terkandung di dalam minyak ini. Asid oleik, asid palmitic dan asid oksalik telah dikenalpasti, di mana asid oleik mendominasi peratusan sebanyak 65.90%. Minyak Moringa oleifera yang telah diekstrak berwarna kuning dan berketumpatan 0.905 g/mL. Nilai indeks biasan minyak adalah 1.46705 dan berkelikatan 65 cP. Nilai saponifikasi yang diperolehi adalah 198.63 mg kalium hidroksida/ g minyak. Secara keseluruhan, perbandingan antara minyak Moringa oleifera dengan minyak zaitun menunjukkan ciri-ciri fizikal dan kimia yang hampir sama terutamanya dalam peratusan komposisi asid oleik yang tinggi. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ The aim of this study was to extract oil from Moringa oleifera seeds by using Soxhlet extraction and identify its physical as well as chemical properties to be compared with olive oil. Soxhlet extraction used heptane with boiling point of 98.42°C as the solvent to extract the oil. Temperature, time of extraction, particles sizes of seeds and solvent to solid ratio was varied which effecting the amount of oil yielded. Rotary evaporator separated the solvent from oil after extraction was done. The optimum parameters that gives highest oil yield was temperature at 100°C, 4 hour extraction time, particle sizes less than 0.50 mm and solvent to solid ratio of 15:1. The maximum oil yield was 40.10%.Characterization before and after extraction of oil was done on the Moringa oleifera seeds by using Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and elemental analyzer tests. Before extraction process, the surface of seeds was covered with layer of oil and its major element was carbon. After extraction, the surface structure of seeds became porous, medium stretching bond of alkanes group and strong stretching bond of C=O being removed. Besides, the carbon and hydrogen element percentage was reduced while nitrogen and sulfur percentage increased. GC/MS analysis was done to determine the fatty acid composition of oil. Oleic acid, palmitic acid and oxalic acid were detected with oleic acid dominant the percentage about 65.90%. Moringa oleifera oil extracted was yellow in color and has density of 0.905 g/mL. Its refractive index value is 1.46705 and 65cP of viscosity. Saponification value determined was 198.63 mg KOH/ g oil. Overall, comparison between Moringa oleifera oil and olive oil shows that physical and chemical properties are almost similar especially the high percentage of oleic acid composition.
Contributor(s):
Amira Husna Taib - Author
Primary Item Type:
Final Year Project
Identifiers:
Accession Number : 875005648
Language:
English
Subject Keywords:
extract; Moringa oleifera; Soxhlet
First presented to the public:
6/1/2015
Original Publication Date:
8/11/2020
Previously Published By:
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Place Of Publication:
School of Chemical Engineering
Citation:
Extents:
Number of Pages - 73
License Grantor / Date Granted:
  / ( View License )
Date Deposited
2020-08-11 11:17:05.756
Submitter:
Mohd Jasnizam Mohd Salleh

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