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Extraction of acetaminophen from aqueous solution by emulsion liquid membrane / Nur Dina Zaulkiflee

Extraction of acetaminophen from aqueous solution by emulsion liquid membrane_Nur Dina Zaulkiflee_K4_2019_MYMY
Kesedaran mengenai pencemaran alam sekitar menerusi bahan cemar farmaseutikal telah meningkat sejak beberapa tahun lalu. Pencemaran ini adalah sangat meluas, dengan beratus-ratus jenis dadah perubatan boleh didapati pada kadar kepekatan yang rendah di dalam sungai. Salah satu bahan farmaseutikal yang paling banyak digunakan ialah asetaminofen (ASTP). Proses rawatan konvensional yang digunakan oleh loji rawatan air sisa gagal untuk menyingkirkan sebatian farmaseutikal secara sepenuhnya. Di antara kaedah yang sedia ada, salah satu kaedah yang berpotensi untuk menyingkirkan ASTP adalah membran cecair emulsi (MCE). MCE terdiri daripada fasa dalaman dan fasa membran yang membentuk emulsi A / M (air dalam minyak) utama, yang kemudiannya akan diserakkan di dalam fasa luaran. Kajian telah dijalankan bagi mencari rumusan MCE dengan agen pembawa, agen pencair, dan agen perlucutan yang sesuai. Kesan parameter perumusan ini juga telah dikaji untuk mendapatkan rumusan MCE yang terbaik bagi penyingkiran ASTP. Pemilihan komponen MCE yang sesuai, penggunaan pengemulsian ultrabunyi, dan Turus Taylor-Couette (TTC) dijangka dapat meningkatkan kecekapan pengekstrakan ASTP. Kesan bagi beberapa keadaan pengendalian seperti kepekatan agen surfaktan, agen pembawa dan agen perlucutan, kekuatan ultrabunyi, nisbah isipadu, tempoh pengemulsian, nisbah rawatan, kepekatan awal dan kepekatan asid, tempoh adunan, dan kelajuan adunan telah dikaji. Keputusan eksperimentasi menunjukkan bahawa rumusan yang paling sesuai bagi pembentukan membran cecair bagi penyingkiran ASTP adalah dengan menggunakan kerosin sebagai agen pencair, trioktilamina (TOA) sebagai agen pembawa, dan ammonia (NH3) sebagai agen perlucutan. Keadaan optimum bagi proses emulsifikasi telah didapati pada peratus berat TOA dan Span 80 sebanyak 6%, kepekatan agen perlucutan pada kadar 0.1M, tempoh pengemulsian selama 15 minit, nisbah isipadu pada kadar 3: 1, kuasa prob ultrabunyi pada nilai 20W, kepekatan awal pada kadar 10 bahagian per juta (ppm), kepekatan HCl pada kadar 0.1M, tempoh pengekstrakan dengan menggunakan TTC selama 5 minit dengan nisbah sudut frekuensi pada kadar 1.0, dan nisbah rawatan pada kadar 3:1. MCE yang dihasilkan didapati berkesan untuk menyingkirkan 85% ion ASTP daripada larutan akua. Oleh itu, proses MCE merupakan teknologi yang berpotensi untuk mengekstrak ASTP daripada air sisa pengeluaran farmaseutikal. __________________________________________________________________________ In recent years there is an increasing awareness of pharmaceutical contaminants in the environment. Pharmaceutical contamination in rivers is widespread with hundreds of drugs found at low concentrations. One of the main abundantly used pharmaceuticals are acetaminophen (ACTP). The application of conventional treatment process in wastewater treatment plants is unable to completely remove the residues. Thus, among the existing methods, one of the promising methods for ACTP removal is by emulsion liquid membrane (ELM). ELM comprises internal and membrane phase which form primary W/O (water-in-oil) emulsion. The formulation of ELM was investigated to find suitable carrier, diluent and stripping agent. The effect of emulsion formulation parameters of ELM was investigated in order to obtain its best formulation for removal of ACTP. Selection of suitable ELM components, use of ultrasound emulsification and Taylor-Couette Column (TCC) are expected to increase the extraction efficiency. The influence of several parameters such as carrier, surfactant and stripping agent concentration, ultrasonic power, volume ratio, emulsification time, treat ratio, initial and acid concentration, stirring time and stirring speed were investigated. The results show that kerosene as a diluent, Trioctylamine (TOA) as carrier or extractant and ammonia (NH3) as stripping agent were the most suitable for the liquid membrane formulation of ACTP removal. The optimum condition for the emulsification study was found at 6 wt.% of TOA and Span 80, 0.1 M concentration of stripping agent, 15 minutes of emulsification time, volume ratio of 3:1, 20 W power of ultrasonic probe, 10 ppm of initial concentration, 0.1M of HCl concentration, 5 minutes of extraction time using TCC with a frequency angular ratio of 1.0 and treat ratio of 3:1. The prepared ELM was found to effectively remove 85% of ACTP ions from aqueous solution. Thus, ELM process is a promising technology to extract ACTP from pharmaceutical production wastewater.
Contributor(s):
Nur Dina Zaulkiflee - Author
Primary Item Type:
Thesis
Identifiers:
Accession Number : 875008838
Language:
English
Subject Keywords:
emulsification; pharmaceutical; diluent
Sponsor - Description:
Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Kimia -
First presented to the public:
3/1/2019
Original Publication Date:
8/4/2020
Previously Published By:
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Place Of Publication:
School of Chemical Engineering
Citation:
Extents:
Number of Pages - 118
License Grantor / Date Granted:
  / ( View License )
Date Deposited
2020-08-04 09:58:04.606
Submitter:
Mohamed Yunus Yusof

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Extraction of acetaminophen from aqueous solution by emulsion liquid membrane / Nur Dina Zaulkiflee1 2020-08-04 09:58:04.606