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Silane modification of polyvinylidene fluoride membrane incorporated with tio2 nanoparticles and nanocellulose for membrane distillation-crystallization

Silane modification of polyvinylidene fluoride membrane incorporated with tio2 nanoparticles and nanocellulose for membrane distillation-crystallization / Tan Hoi Fang
Bilangan kilang penyahgaraman di dunia ini telah meningkat secara drastik sejak beberapa dekad yang lalu, ini disebabkan oleh peningkatan permintaan keggunaan air, termasuk negara-negara yang kekurangan air. Air garam pekat yang dijana daripada kilang penyahgaraman memerlukan pengurusan yang wajar kerana pembuangan air garam pekat tersebut melalui perlepasan dari permukaan dan ‘deep well injection’ akan memberi kesan kepada kualiti sumber air kita. Membran penyulingan-pengkristalan menawarkan cara pemulihan air dan pengumpulan garam dari air garam pekat dengan menggunakan tenaga suria atau sisa haba. Membran hidrofobik dan makroporous berfungsi sebagai pengahalang dua fasa dalam membran penyulingan-pengkristalan, hanya membenarkan wap air untuk mengalih dari air garam pekat yang panas ke permeat yang sejuk di bawah perbezaan tekanan separa. Dalam tugas ini, membran polivinilidene fluorida (PVDF) serta/tanpa nanopartikel TiO2 atau/dan nanoselulosa (NC) telah dimodifikasikan dengan oktadeciltrichlorosilane untuk meningkatkan pemidahan jisim melalui pengurangan kelembapan membran. Kesan silane modifikasi pada ciri-ciri membran dan prestasi dalam membran penyulingan-pengkristalan telah dikaji. Kelembapan membran yang dihasilkan melalui fasa inversi telah dikurangkan selepas silane modifikasi. Sudut sentuhan air atas membran PVDF/TiO2/NC telah meningkat sehingga 124 ° selepas modifikasi dengan menggunakan 1 mL silane dalam 50 mL etanol. Kumpulan oktadeciltrichlorosilanol hidrofobik telah berjaya dicelupkan selepas reaksi hidrolisis dan pemeluwapan seperti yang dibuktikan oleh spectrum inframerah transformasi Fourier. Seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam pengimbasan imej mikroskopik electron, saiz pori dan keliangan membrane telah meningkat secara signifikan dengan memasukkan NC disebabkan oleh kadar pertukaran yang dipercepatkan dalam fasa inversi. Oleh itu, membran PVDF/TiO2/NC yang dimodifikasi mencapai fluks permeat air yang tertinggi dengan penolakan garam setinggi 97%. Ketertelapan membran PVDF/TiO2/NC yang tinggi menunjukkan potensi dalam membran penyulingan-pengkristalan untuk memulihkan air and menghasilkan kristal garam. Lebih banyak kajian diperlukan pada masa hadapan untuk meningkatkan ketertelapan, kadar supersaturasi dan kadar nucleasi bagi pembentukan kristal di membran penyulingan-pengkristalan. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ The number of desalination plants in the world have grown drastically in the last few decades due to the increment of water demand, including water scarcity countries. The brine generated from these desalination plants requires proper management since the disposal of brine via surface discharge and deep well injection affects the quality of our water sources. Membrane distillation-crystallization (MDC) offers water recovery and salt collection from brine using solar energy or waste heat. The hydrophobic and macroporous membrane works as the barrier of two phases in membrane distillation crystallization, allowing only the water vapor to be transported from the hot brine into the cold permeate phase under the partial pressure difference. In this work, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes with/without TiO2 nanoparticles or/and nanocellulose (NC) were post-modified with octadecyltrichlorosilane to enhance the mass transfer by reducing membrane wetting. The effects of silane modification on membrane characteristics and performance in membrane distillation-crystallatization were studied. The wetting of PVDF membranes fabricated via phase inversion was reduced after silane modification. The water contact angle on PVDF/TiO2/NC membrane was improved up to 124 º after modification using 1 ml of silane in 50 ml of ethanol. Hydrophobic octadecyltrichlorosilanol groups were successfully grafted after hydrolysis and condensation reactions as proven by Fourier-transform infrared spectra. As shown in scanning electron microscopic images, the membrane pore size and porosity were significantly increased by incorporating NC due to the accelerated exchange rate in phase inversion. Hence, the modified PVDF/TiO2/NC membrane achieved the highest water permeate flux with salt rejection as high as 97 %. The high permeability of PVDF/TiO2/NC membrane showed its potential in membrane distillation-crystallization to recover water and produce salt crystals. More future studies are required to improve the permeability, supersaturation degree and nucleation rate for crystal formation in MDC.
Contributor(s):
Tan Hoi Fang - Author
Primary Item Type:
Final Year Project
Identifiers:
Accession Number : 875008137
Language:
English
Subject Keywords:
desalination; water; brine
First presented to the public:
6/1/2019
Original Publication Date:
6/28/2019
Previously Published By:
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Place Of Publication:
School of Chemical Engineering
Citation:
Extents:
Number of Pages - 68
License Grantor / Date Granted:
  / ( View License )
Date Deposited
2019-07-01 15:43:04.111
Submitter:
Mohd Jasnizam Mohd Salleh

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