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Design of integrator and comparator in pixel readout circuit

Design of integrator and comparator in pixel readout circuit / Su'aidah Mohamed Ghazali
Sejak kebelakangan ini, teknologi CMOS telah digunakan dengan meluas dalam pelbagai penggunaan termasuk penderia bayangan. Untuk imej sinar-X, teknologi CMOS digunakan dalam litar baca keluar untuk penderia. Struktur asas penderia bayangan CMOS mengandungi dua tatasusunan dimensi pixel dan litar-litar sampingan. Menukar imej kepada isyarat elektrik dilakukan oleh sekumpulan pixel yang disusun dalam satu struktur berbentuk segi empat tepat yang dipanggil sebagai pameran. Oleh kerana tatasusunan pixel sebahagian besarnya menetapkan pengimejan kualiti penderia CMOS, ia penting memperincikan struktur dalaman. Struktur pixel yang digunakan dapat dikategorikan ke dalam tiga jenis, iaitu Passive Pixel Sensor (PPS), Active Pixel Sensor (APS) dan Digital Pixel Sensor (DPS). DPS ialah struktur terbaru dan mempunyai banyak kelebihan daripada PPS and APS. Dalam DPS, setiap pixel mengandungi fotopengesan, sistem pertukaran analog kepada digital dan kadang-kadang ingatan digital untuk menyimpan nilai penukaran ini. Sistem pertukaran analog kepada digital yang telah dicadangkan ialah struktur-struktur sigma delta yang mempunyai resolusi-resolusi lebih baik dan membenarkan litar data penukar menjadi mudah dan tidak sensitif proses variasi. Pemodulat delta sigma mengandungi tiga litar utama iaitu pengamir, pembanding dan penukar 1-bit digital ke analog litar. Tesis ini akan fokus kepada pengamir dan pembanding dalam pemodulat delta Sigma litar dan analisis untuk kedua-dua litar-litar. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Recently, CMOS technology has been widely used in many applications including image sensor. For X-ray images, CMOS technology is used in the readout circuit of the sensors. The basic structure of a CMOS image sensor contains of two dimensional array of pixels and peripheral circuits. Converting the image into electrical signals is performed by a group of pixels that are arranged in a structure of a rectangular form called an array. Since the array of pixels largely determines the image quality of a CMOS sensor, it is important to detail the internal structure. The pixel structure used can be categorized into three types, which are Passive Pixel Sensor (PPS), Active Pixel Sensor (APS) and Digital Pixel Sensor (DPS). DPS is latest structure and has many advantages compared with PPS and APS. In DPS, each pixel contains the photodetector, the A/D conversion system and sometimes the digital memory to keep the value of this conversion. The A/D conversion system that has been proposed is Sigma-delta structures which have better resolutions and allows the data-conversion circuitry to be simple and insensitive to process variations. Sigma-delta modulator consists of three main circuits which are integrator, comparator and 1-bit digital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuits. This thesis will focus on Integrator and comparator in the Sigma-delta modulator circuit and the analysis of both circuits.
Contributor(s):
Su'aidah Mohamed Ghazali - Author
Primary Item Type:
Final Year Project
Identifiers:
Accession Number : 875004643
Barcode : 00003093646
Language:
English
Subject Keywords:
CMOS technology; readout circuit; X-ray images
First presented to the public:
6/1/2012
Original Publication Date:
3/15/2018
Previously Published By:
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Place Of Publication:
School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering
Citation:
Extents:
Number of Pages - 63
License Grantor / Date Granted:
  / ( View License )
Date Deposited
2018-03-15 14:49:24.665
Date Last Updated
2019-01-07 11:24:32.9118
Submitter:
Mohd Jasnizam Mohd Salleh

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Design of integrator and comparator in pixel readout circuit1 2018-03-15 14:49:24.665