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An improved clipping and filtering methods with discrete cosine transform for peak-to-average power ratio reduction in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems

An improved clipping and filtering methods with discrete cosine transform for peak-to-average power ratio reduction in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems / Lim Yong Liang
OFDM telah digunakan dalam rangkaian tanpa dawai, talian pelanggan digital (DSL) pengaksesan Laman Sesawang, 4G komunikasi mudah alih, digital televisyen dan siaran audio yang juga memain peranan sebagai skema modulasi untuk digital komunikasi secara wideband. Sistem ini digunakan secara meluas dalam sistem komunikasi berkelajuan tinggi tanpa wayar. Sistem ini mempunyai banyak kelebihan berbanding dengan sistem modulasi yang mengandungi pembawa isyarat tunggal. Kadar bit yang tinggi semasa penghantaran isyarat, kecekapan spectrum yang tinggi dan saluran frekuensi pemudaran yang teguh merupakan kelebihan untuk aplikasi OFDM. Hal ini demikian kerana sistem pemprosesan yang melibatkan pertukaran aliran data yang berkelajuan tinggi kepada aliran data yang berkelajuan rendah selari secara pemetaan data (matrix). Namun demikian, terdapatnya kelemahan dalam sistem OFDM iaitu, PAPR yang tinggi. PAPR yang tinggi kan menyebabkan kemerosotan penghantaran isyarat. Kelemahan yang dinyatakan ialah pendasar utama projek tahun akhir ini dijalankan untuk menyiasat penyebab dan melaksanakan teknik-teknik yang tertentu untuk mengurangkan PAPR yang tinggi akan membawa kepada kemerosotan prestasi OFDM dari segi kadar penghantaran isyarat. Beberapa teknik telah diperkenalkan untuk menjayakan projek tersebut. Dua objektif telah dinyatakan dalam projek ini. Objektif yang pertama adalah untuk membuat kajian tentang konsep teknik keratan (Clipping) dan penapisan (Filtering) dan transformasi kosinus diskret pada OFDM dan kesannya. Objektif yang kedua ialah untuk melaksanakan kaedah penambahbaikan keratan (Clipping) dan penapisan (Filtering) dengan DCT yang merangkumi dua jenis skema modulasi iaitu: QPSK dan QAM. Teknik tersebut pernah dilaksanakan oleh Sroy Abouty pada 2013. Projek ini dibahagikan kepada empat peringkat iaitu: memahami konsep OFDM dan kaedah pengurangan PAPR, pelaksanaan algoritma serta mencapai keputusan simulasi dan menganalisasi keputusan simulasi. Keputusan simulasi menunjukkan pelaksanaan kaedah penambahbaikan keratan (Clipping) dan penapisan (Filtering) dengan DCT dapat mengurangkan PAPR kepada kira-kira 1.15dB untuk 1024 sub-pembawa isyarat dan empat nisbah keratan dengan skema modulasi QPS. Berdasarkan keputusan simulasi, apabila bilangan sub-pembawa meningkat, PAPR juga meningkat.pengurangan PAPR juga dapat bertambah baik apabila nisbah keratan meningkat. Di samping itu, BER juga dikira bagi semua skema modulasi untuk mengkaji prestasi sistem dengan perbandingan antara nombor bit yang diterima dengan nombor bit yang dihantar. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is nowadays applied in wireless networks, Digital Subscriber Line Internet Access, 4G mobile communications, digital television and audio broadcasting which is also acts as a modulation scheme for wideband digital communication. This system has been widely used for various high data rate wireless communications systems. This system has a lot of advantages over single carrier modulation systems. High transmission bit rate, high spectral efficiency and robustness to frequency fading channels has been the great benefit for the application of OFDM. It is due to the working system of converting high data streams into a number of parallel low data rate streams in the form of matrix data. However, there are some drawbacks in OFDM systems which are high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR). High PAPR reduces the performance of signal transmission. The mentioned drawback is the most important reason for this Final Year Project being established to look into the problem and apply some methods or techniques to reduce the PAPR. High PAPR will reduce the performance of OFDM in term of signal transmission. Several techniques or methods has been proposed in order to reduce PAPR. In this project, two objectives are identified. The first objective is to investigate the basic concepts and effects of Clipping and Filtering methods and Discrete Cosine Transform on OFDM. Then, the second objective is to implement improved method of Clipping and Filtering with DCT on several modulation schemes such as QPSK and QAM. Thus, this project presents the improved method of Clipping and Filtering with DCT to reduce PAPR of OFDM system. The proposed technique was once done by Sroy Abouty at 2013. This project is divided into four stages, which are understanding the concept of OFDM and PAPR reduction technique, implementation of algorithm, obtaining simulation results and analyzing the simulation results. The simulation results show that implementation of improved method of Clipping and Filtering with DCT can reduce PAPR to about 1.15dB for 1024 subcarriers and four Clipping Ratio by using QPSK modulation scheme. From the simulation results, as number of subcarriers increases, PAPR value also increases. The PAPR reduction effect is improved with the increasing number of Clipping Ratio (CR) as well. Besides that, the Bit Error Rate is calculated in each of the modulation schemes applied to investigate the performance of the system by comparing the number of bits received in errors and the number of bits transmitted.
Contributor(s):
Lim Yong Liang - Author
Primary Item Type:
Final Year Project
Identifiers:
Accession Number : 875006024
Language:
English
Subject Keywords:
(OFDM); 4G; communications
First presented to the public:
6/1/2016
Original Publication Date:
6/11/2020
Previously Published By:
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Place Of Publication:
School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering
Citation:
Extents:
Number of Pages - 80
License Grantor / Date Granted:
  / ( View License )
Date Deposited
2020-06-11 15:17:05.726
Submitter:
Mohd Jasnizam Mohd Salleh

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An improved clipping and filtering methods with discrete cosine transform for peak-to-average power ratio reduction in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems1 2020-06-11 15:17:05.726