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Lightning protection of pole-mounted transformers and its applications / Chan Chee Pin

Lightning protection of pole-mounted transformers and its applications_Chan Chee Pin_E3_2006_NI
Kilat merupakan sebab utama kegagalan dalam sistem pengagihan voltan sederhana.Analisis yang dilakukan oleh saintis mendapati kadar kegagalan bagi pengubah agihan yang tercagak di atas tiang pengagihan kuasa untuk sistem voltage sederhana mencapai 4.5 hingga 5.0%. Ini disebabkan oleh pemasangan penangkap pusuan yang tidak baik dan juga tiada cara yang baik bagi menilai keberkesanan sesuatu perlindungan kilat. Kajian ini berobjektif untuk memberi satu tanda asas bagi perlindungan kilat bagi pengubah agihan yang tercagak di atas tiang pengagihan kuasa dan juga bagi memastikan pemasangan penangkap pusuan yang baik bagi mengurangkan kadar kegagalan pengubah agihan itu. Kajian telah mendapati kadar kegagalan pengubah agihan yang tinggi disebabkan oleh jarak pemisahan antara penangkap pusuan dan pangkalan pengubah agihan yang terlalu besar. Satu kaedah telah mencadangkan bahawa jarak pemisahan itu yang sesuai ditentukan bagi memastikan kadar kegagalan pengubah agihan berada di bawah satu nilai tertentu. Dengan kaedah yang dicadangkan itu, satu kajian kes bagi perlindungan kilat sistem pengagihan kuasa 11kV di Malaysia telah dijalankan. Satu prototaip program berdasarkan kaedah itu juga dibina dengan menggunakan Matlab bagi menyelesaikan pengiraan yang kompleks dengan kamiran dan kebarangkalian. Program ini diaplikasikan pada kajian kes di atas untuk memeriksa keputusan yang diperoleh dengan pengiraan tangan. Dalam kajian kes ini, dengan parameter-parameter seperti kepadatan penyambaran kilat (Ng) = 5.8 penyambaran/m2/tahun, jarak pemisahan antara dua konduktor terluar (b) = 1.07m, ketinggian konduktor (H) = 7.525m, faktor perlindungan (Sf) = 0.4, hayat pengubah agihan (LF) = 20 tahun, kadar kegagalan (FR) = 5.0%, arus pusuan tertinggi (I0) = 300kA, margin keselamatan (sm) = 20%, voltan residual bagi penangkap pusuan (Up) = 32kV, aras penebatan asas (BIL) = 75kV, masa bagi depan gelombang (tf) = 5μs, impedans pusuan (Z0) = 450Ω dan panjang penangkap pusuan (lmin) = 1m, jarak pemisahan antara penangkap pusuan dan pangkalan pengubah agihan yang optimum dikirakan oleh program sebagai 1.3219m. Ini bermaksud bagi mencapai kadar kegagalan 5.0% sepanjang hayat pengubah agihan, penangkap pusuan perlu dipasang pada jarak 1.3219m dari pangkalan pengubah agihan bagi kajian kes di atas. _________________________________________________________________________________________ Lightning is the single most important cause of failure in medium voltage distribution system. Analysis carried out by world wide utilities has shown that the failure rate of the pole-mounted transformer caused by lightning in medium voltage system goes as high as 4.5-5.0%. This is mainly due to improper installation of lightning arrester and also there is no well established method to access the performance of lightning protection. The objectives of this study are to provide a general bench mark for lightning protection of pole-mounted transformer in medium voltage system and to ensure proper installation of surge arrester to reduce the failure rate of the transformer. Research has found out that the high failure rate of pole-mounted transformer is due to the excessive separation length between the surge arrester and the terminal of the transformer. A method has been proposed that the separation length is determined so that the failure rate of the transformer is below a certain value. With this method, a case study on the lightning protection of polemounted transformer of 11kV distribution system in Malaysia is carried out. A program prototype based on this method is also developed with Matlab to deal with the tedious hand calculations of integration and probability. This program is applied to the case study abovec to further verify the results of hand calculation. In this case study, with parameters of ground flash density (Ng) = 5.8 flashes per m2 per year, horizontal span of two outmost conductors (b) = 1.07m, conductor height (H) = 7.525m, shielding factor (Sf) = 0.4, transformer lifetime (LF) = 20 years, failure rate (FR) = 5%, maximum surge current (I0) = 300kA, safety margin (sm) = 20%, residual voltage of arrester (Up) = 32kV, basic insulation level (BIL) = 75kV, wave front time (tf) = 5μs, line surge impedance (Z0) = 450Ω, and arrester length (lmin) = 1m, the optimum separation length calculated by the program is 1.3219m. This means that in order to achieve a failure rate of 5% throughout the lifetime of the transformer, surge arrester should be installed 1.3219m from the transformer terminal.
Contributor(s):
Chan Chee Pin - Author
Language:
English
Subject Keywords:
Lightning; medium voltage; surge arrester
First presented to the public:
5/1/2006
Original Publication Date:
1/7/2019
Previously Published By:
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Place Of Publication:
School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering
Citation:
Extents:
Number of Pages - 73
License Grantor / Date Granted:
  / ( View License )
Date Deposited
2019-01-07 11:47:26.538
Submitter:
Nor Hayati Ismail

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