(For USM Staff/Student Only)

EngLib USM > Ξ© School of Aerospace Engineering >

Analysis of ionospheric scintillation occurrence over Malaysia

Analysis of ionospheric scintillation occurrence over Malaysia / Nurul Aina Natasha Ainuddin Lajim
Analisis Kejadian Sintilasi Ionosfera di Malaysia adalah sebuah projek tesis berdasarkan maklumat yang diperoleh daripada penerima Sistem Navigasi Global (GPS), direkodkan pada 2014. Pada tahun itu, kitaran matahari ke-24 telah mencapai kemuncaknya. Penerima GPS itu ditempatkan di wilayah khatulistiwa, lebih tepat lagi di Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). Kawasan ini merupakan kawasan yang sesuai untuk menjalani kajian tentang sintilasi ionosfera. GPS berfungsi dengan cara memancarkan isyarat GPS dalam bentuk gelombang radio dari satelit GPS ke penerima GPS. Walaubagaimanapun, isyarat ini terdedah kepada gangguan disebabkan ketidakstabilan elektron dan plasma yang terjadi di dalam ionosfera, dikenali sebagai sintilasi ionosfera. Isyarat GPS ini boleh diganggu dengan mengalami penundaan isyarat serta ketidakupayaan mengunci isyarat kepada penerima GPS. Kajian dijalankan untuk mengenalpasti kesan sintilasi ionosfera kepada penerima GPS. Terdapat dua jenis sintilasi ionosfera, sintilasi amplitud dan sintilasi fasa. Berfokuskan sintilasi amplitud, bilangan π‘ΊπŸ’ diukur dan dikelas berdasarkan kekuatannya (lemah, sederhana, dan kuat). Kajian secara mendalam dijalankan berdasarkan purata kejadian bulanan serta purata kejadian berkala. Kajian secara menyeluruh terhadap maklumat yang diperoleh pada tahun 2014 tidak lengkap disebabkan kekurangan data. Namun begitu, data yang sedia ada adalah memadai untuk dikaji dan mengetahui kesan sintilasi amplitud terhadap penerima GPS. Berdasarkan data yang telah diperoleh, data terpilih digunakan untuk mensimulasikan sintilasi ionosfera dan memerhati kesannya jika parameter sintilasi ditingkatkan. Isyarat teraruh memudar diperkenalkan untuk mensimulasikan keterukan naik turun isyarat jika sintilasi amplitud diperkuat. Hasil data yang telah diproses menunjukkan bahawa kejadian amplitud sintilasi berlaku sepanjang tahun, dan adalah signifikan pada bulan Mac, April dan Mei. Kajian secara terperinci dijalankan pada bulan-bulan tersebut mendapati sintilasi amplitud berlaku pada waktu yang khusus, iaitu antara pukul 1230 dan 1900. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan terdapat sintilasi yang berlaku di ionosfera seperti yang dijangka memandangkan kajian ini dijalankan pada tahun kemuncak kitaran matahari ke-24. Salah satu data yang telah diproses digunakan untuk disimulasikan. Pemerhatian kesan terhadap penerima GPS dijalankan jika parameter sintilasi amplitud dinaikkan. Hasil menunjukkan jika parameter sintilasi amplitud dinaikkan, isyarat yang diterima oleh penerima GPS mengalami naik turun isyarat. Naik turun isyarat ini akan memberi kesan kepada prestasi penerima GPS dalam menerima isyarat GPS disebabkan gangguan isyarat. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Analysis of Ionospheric Scintillation Occurrence over Malaysia is a project based on the data acquired from the Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver, recorded in 2014, the year where the solar cycle 24 reached its solar maximum. The GPS receiver is located at the equatorial region, specifically at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), where it is a favorable spot to study ionospheric scintillation. The GPS operates by transmitting GPS signal, which is in the form of radio wave from the GPS satellites to the receiver. However, the signal can be perturbed by electron and plasma irregularities occurring in the ionosphere, which is known as ionospheric scintillation. The GPS signal can be perturbed after experiencing delays and caused lose-lock onto the GPS receiver. Studies are made to observe the effects of ionospheric scintillation to the GPS receiver and to discuss the possible factors that may cause ionospheric scintillation. There are two types of ionospheric scintillation, amplitude scintillation and phase scintillation. Focusing on amplitude scintillation, 𝑆4 values are measured and classified based on their strength (weak, medium, and strong). Further observations are made based on their monthly occurrence rate and time occurrence rate. Due to insufficient data, a full-year of data analysis is incomplete. However, the available data is enough to conduct studies on how the amplitude scintillation can affect GPS receiver. From the data obtained, selected data is used to simulate the ionospheric scintillation and to observe the effects on the receiver if the scintillation parameters are amplified. Induced signal fading is introduced to simulate the severity of signal fluctuation if amplitude scintillation is enhanced. Based on the data processed, it is found that amplitude scintillation occurs throughout the year, where it is most significant on the months March, April and May. Further observation is made for these 3 months and it is found that amplitude scintillation occurred the most during the day, in the range of time between 1230hrs and 1900hrs. The results indicate that scintillation in the ionosphere is present and expected as the studies are made during the peak of solar cycle 24. One of the processed data is used to be simulated, where observation on how will the GPS receiver is affected is done when amplitude scintillation parameters are amplified. Results show that when the parameters are amplified, the signal received by the GPS receiver experienced signal fluctuation. This signal fluctuation will affect the performance of the GPS receiver on receiving the GPS signals due to the signals being perturbed.
Contributor(s):
Nurul Aina Natasha Ainuddin Lajim - Author
Primary Item Type:
Final Year Project
Identifiers:
Accession Number : 875007945
Language:
English
Subject Keywords:
Ionospheric; Scintillation; (GPS)
First presented to the public:
8/1/2020
Original Publication Date:
10/8/2020
Previously Published By:
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Place Of Publication:
School of Aerospace Engineering
Citation:
Extents:
Number of Pages - 78
License Grantor / Date Granted:
  / ( View License )
Date Deposited
2020-10-08 12:38:43.567
Submitter:
Mohd Jasnizam Mohd Salleh

All Versions

Thumbnail Name Version Created Date
Analysis of ionospheric scintillation occurrence over Malaysia1 2020-10-08 12:38:43.567