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Change in strength properties in sand due to changing compaction energy

Change in strength properties in sand due to changing compaction energy / Norharlisa Hermon
Pemadatan tanah adalah sangat penting dalam tapak pembinaan. Bagi memastikan pemadatan tanah yang mencukupi tercapai, penentuan kandungan air optimum dan ketumpatan kering maksimum adalah penting dan biasanya dilakukan melalui ujian proctor atau ujian proctor ubahsuai. Antara faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tahap pemadatan yang diperlukan di dalam tanah adalah tujuan projek, agihan saiz butiran, bentuk butiran tanah, graviti tentu pepejal tanah, jenis komponen tanah dan kandungan lembapan. Untuk menentukan ketumpatan kering maksimum tanah, ujian makmal yang dijalankan kebiasaannya adalah proktor ubahsuai berbanding proctor piawai. Kandungan lembapan pada ketumpatan kering maksimum dipanggil optimum. Di dalam kajian ini, spesimen pasir telah dipadatkan melalui pelbagai usaha pemadatan, tetapi kesemuanya pada kandungan lembapan optimum sebelum lima ujian makmal dijalankan iaitu ujian piezocone, ujian proba mackintosh, ujian penusukan kon dinamik, ujian ricih terus dan ujian nisbah galas California. Kajian ini memberi tumpuan kepada kekuatan yang terhasil dan diukur dengan pelbagai kaedah pada spesimen yang telah dipadatkan menggunakan lima usaha pemadatan yang berbeza di dalam setiap acuan iaitu 22 hentakan, 42 hentakan, 62 hentakan, 82 hentakan dan 102 hentakan bagi setiap lapisan; setiap acuan terdiri daripada 5 lapisan. Keputusan yang diperolehi menunjukkan bahawa usaha pemadatan yang meningkat tidak semestinya membawa kepada peningkatan kualiti spesimen oleh itu pemadatan tambahan tidak semestinya membawa kepada bacaan kekuatan yang lebih baik. Oleh yang demikian, peningkatan usaha pemadatan tidak selari dengan peningkatan kekuatan maka usaha pemadatan yang meningkat akan menjadi pembaziran dari segi wang dan usaha. Juga pelbagai kaedah pengukuran kekuatan tidak memberi nilai kekuatan relatif walaupun spesimen diukur untuk kekuatan adalah sama. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Soil compaction is essentially important in construction site. To ensure adequate soil compaction is achieved, the determination of optimum water content and maximum dry density is important and normally done through proctor or modified proctor tests. Among the factors that influence the degree of compaction needed in soil are purpose of the project, grain-size distributions, shape of the soil grains, specific gravity of soil solids, type of soil components and moisture content. In order to determine the maximum dry density of a soil, the laboratory test carried out is normally the modified proctor instead of the standard proctor. The moisture content at maximum dry density is called the optimum. In this study, sand specimens were compacted at various compaction efforts, but all at optimum moisture content before they were subjected to piezocone penetration test, mackintosh probe test, dynamic cone penetration test, direct shear test and California bearing ratio. The study was focused on the resulting strength and measured by the various measurements methods on the specimens that have been compacted using the five different compaction efforts. The five different compaction efforts used per layer were 22 blows, 42 blows, 62 blows, 82 blows and 102 blows per layer; each mould consisted of 5 layers. The results obtained shows that the increased compaction effort did not necessarily lead to increased specimen’s quality therefore the extra compaction did not necessarily lead to improved strength reading. In such situation where compaction did not correspond to strength, the increased compaction effort would be a waste in terms of money and effort. In some instances, the increased in reading was so small that it did not worth the increased compaction. Also the various strength measurement methods did not give equal relative strength evaluation although the specimens measured for strength were the same.
Contributor(s):
Norharlisa Hermon - Author
Primary Item Type:
Final Year Project
Identifiers:
Accession Number : 875005566
Language:
English
Subject Keywords:
Soil; compaction; proctor
First presented to the public:
6/1/2015
Original Publication Date:
7/20/2020
Previously Published By:
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Place Of Publication:
School of Civil Engineering
Citation:
Extents:
Number of Pages - 77
License Grantor / Date Granted:
  / ( View License )
Date Deposited
2020-07-20 14:56:56.085
Submitter:
Mohd Jasnizam Mohd Salleh

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