Air sisa cuci kereta (CWW) mengandungi agen pembersihan dan logam berat yang merbahaya kepada kesihatan. Ia didapati bahawa kualiti efluen air sisa cuci kereta di Malaysia, khususnys keperluan oksigen kimia (COD) adalah melebihi had yang ditetapkan oleh kerajaan Malaysia. Dalam usaha untuk mengatasi masalah ini, rawatan CWW perlu dijalankan sebelum air tersebut masuk ke dalam sistem pembetungan. Proses penjerapan menggunakan gentian bulu ayam (CFF) telah disyorkan sebagai rawatan air sisa yang berkesan dan mudah. Gentian bulu ayam (CFF) telah dikaji untuk membuang kekotoran tertentu dengan berkesan daripada air sisa. Fasa pertama kajian ini akan memberi tumpuan kepada penyediaan penjerap yang terbaik untuk rawatan CWW berdasarkan peratusan penyingkiran COD. Natrium hidroksida (NaOH) dan ferum klorida (FeCl3) adalah bahan tambahan yang dipilih. Tambahan terbaik akan dipilih untuk menghasilkan bahan penjerap yang terbaik berdasarkan peratusan penyingkiran COD yang tertinggi. Dalam fasa kedua, pengoptimuman rawatan CWW dijalankan dengan beberapa faktor yang berbeza seperti pH sampel, dos penjerap dan masa refluks. Pada fasa ini, penjerap yang terbaik akan disediakan dan digunakan untuk merawat sampel. Tambahan terbaik yang digunakan untuk merawat CFF adalah 0.1M FeCl3 dan masa refluks 3 jam 15 minit. CFF yang sudah dirawati telah memberikan penyingkiran tertinggi COD dengan keadaan berikutnya: dos CFF 4.52g, pH 4.01 dan masa refluks 3 jam 30 minit.
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Car wash wastewater (CWW) contains cleaning agent and heavy metals such as hydrofluoric acid, lead, iron which are hazardous to health. It was found that the quality of the car wash effluent in Malaysia with respect to chemical oxygen demand (COD) with range 75 – 737 mg/L is beyond the regulatory limit set by Malaysia government which is 50 mg/L. In order to overcome this problem, CWW treatment should be conducted before it goes into the sewerage system. Adsorption process has been recommended as an effective and simple method for wastewater treatment. Chicken feather fiber (CFF) has been studied to remove certain impurities effectively from wastewater. Thereby, CWW treatment by using CFF as an adsorbent is proposed. The first phase of the study will focus on the preparation of the best adsorbent for CWW treatment based on the percentage removal of COD. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and ferric chloride (FeCl3) are the selected additives. The best additive chosen to produce the best adsorbent is based on the highest percentage removal of COD. In the second phase, optimization of CWW treatment is conducted by varying some factors such as pH of sample, amount of adsorbent and mixing time. In this stage, the best prepared adsorbent will be used to treat the sample. The best additive used to treat CFF is 0.1M of FeCl3 and reflux time of 3 hours 15 minutes. Treated CFF had given the highest removal of COD at the following conditions: dosage of CFF 4.52g, pH 4.01 and shaking time 3.5 hours.
Characteristic and treatment of car wash wastewater using chicken feather fibers as an adsorbent / Wong Sern Yan