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Chemical surface modification of graphene nanoplatelets by carboxylation process for enhanced sorption capacities / Rabita Mohd Firdaus Achutan

Chemical surface modification of graphene nanoplatelets by carboxylation process for enhanced sorption capacities_Rabita Mohd Firdaus Achutan_K4_2019_MYMY
Tujuan tesis ini adalah untuk mengkaji pengubahsuaian permukaan karbon melalui pengikatan kimia atau fizikal melalui proses karboksilasi untuk aplikasi pemulihan alam sekitar seperti penyingkiran pewarna dari air kumbahan. Pemfungsian graphene nanoplatelet (fGNP) diperlukan dalam banyak aplikasi alam sekitar dan fungsian yang tepat adalah merupakam pendekatan yang efisien untuk meningkatkan keupayaan penjerapan graphene. fGNP adalah antara bahan yang menjanjikan untuk penyingkiran pewarna kerana semua karbon nanomaterial ini mempunyai luas permukaan spesifik yang tinggi dan mempunyai keupayaan untuk mewujudkan interaksi elektrostatik yang kuat dengan pelbagai kumpulan fungsi yang mengandungi oksigen dan sistem π-elektron. Kesan fGNP belum dikaji secara meluas, dan banyak kumpulan penyelidikan di seluruh dunia hanya memberi tumpuan kepada permukaan CNT, graphene, GO dan rGO. Dalam tesis ini, pendekatan mudah untuk pengubahsuaian permukaan dan perfungsian nanoplatelet graphene dikaji. Pendekatan ini melibatkan fungsian penyebaran serpihan grafena dengan jenis asid dan isipadu nisbah volumetrik untuk membuktikan keadaan terbaik untuk penyebaran yang lebih besar. Dua jenis asid yang digunakan dalam pendekatan ini iaitu asid sulfurik dan asid nitrik. Pengubahsuaian kimia yang mudah dengan pengoksidaan asid mendorong penyebaran mudah dalam air dan kapasiti penyerapan tinggi metilena biru. Ciri-ciri morfologi, struktur dan bahan kimia fGNP dikaji oleh satu set teknik pencirian pelengkap seperti Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), mikroskop elektron scanning (SEM), mikroskop elektron penghantaran resolusi tinggi (HRTEM), analisis thermogravimetric (TGA), Spectroscopy Raman dan pengukuran potensi Zeta . Kawasan permukaan BET nanoplatelet graphene (GNP) dan fGNP adalah dalam lingkungan 115-150 m2 / g. Kesan suhu (30-60 ° C), masa hubungan (5 hingga 55 minit), dan kepekatan pewarna awal (25-200 mg / L) terhadap prestasi penjerapan penyerap telah disiasat. Kapasiti penjerapan maksimum fGNP meningkat daripada 112 mg / g kepada 151 mg / g pada pH 4 dan 60 ° C. Ini boleh dikaitkan secara langsung dengan peningkatan kumpulan berfungsi seperti hidroksil dan karboksil pada permukaan adsorben diubah suai yang menghasilkan prestasi penjerapan yang lebih tinggi daripada GNP yang diubahsuai. Data keseimbangan yang diperolehi dinilai menggunakan isotem, model penjerapan kinetik dan kajian termodinamik. Untuk penyerap fGNP1, data isotherm dijelaskan dengan ketara oleh model Langmuir. Kajian kinetik mendedahkan bahawa model kadar pseudo-first order adalah yang lebih baik dengan data eksperimen. Nilai parameter termodinamik, termasuk ΔG0 (9.39,9.21 dan 9.45 untuk suhu 30 ° C, 45 ° C, dan 60 ° C), ΔH0 (8.85 kJ / mol) dan ΔS0 (-1.57 kJ / mol) . Dari keputusan experiment, fGNP menunjukkan bahawa penjerapan MB adalah proses spontan dan endotemik. __________________________________________________________________________ The aim of this thesis is to investigate the surface modification of carbon through chemical or physical attachment via carboxylation process for environmental remediation applications such as dye removal from wastewater. Chemical functionalization of graphene is required in many environmental applications and proper functionalization is an efficient approach to improve the adsorption capacity of graphene. Functionalized graphene nanoplatelet (fGNP) is a promising material for dye removal as this all-carbon nanomaterial possesses high specific surface area and has the ability to create a strong electrostatic interaction with a variety of oxygen-containing functional groups and π-electron systems. The effect of fGNP has not been widely explored, and many research groups worldwide have been focusing only on CNT, graphene, GO and rGO surfaces. In this thesis, a facile approach for the surface modification and fGNP were investigated. The approach involves fGNP with different type of acid and volumetric ratio acid to prove the best condition for greater dispersibility. Two type of acid used in this approach which are sulphuric acid and nitric acid. Their facile chemically modification by acid oxidation induces both facile dispersion in water and high adsorption capacity of methylene blue. Morphological, structural and chemical properties of the fGNP are deeply investigated by a set of complementary characterization techniques such as Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) , Raman Spectroscopy and Zeta potential measurement. The BET surface areas raw GNP and functionalize GNP were in the range of 115-150 m2/g. Effects of temperature (30-60 °C), contact time (5 to 55 min), and initial dye concentration (25-200 mg/L) on adsorption performance of adsorbents were investigated. The maximum adsorption capacity of fGNPs increased from 112 mg/g to 151 mg/g at pH 4 and 60 °C. This can be directly linked to the increased of functional groups such as hydroxyl and carboxyl on the surface of modified adsorbents resulting in higher adsorption performance of fGNP. The equilibrium data gained were evaluated using isotherms, kinetic adsorption models and thermodynamic studies. For fGNP1 adsorbents, the isotherm data were significantly described by Langmuir model. The kinetic study revealed that the pseudo-first-order rate model was in better agreement with the experimental data. The values of the thermodynamic parameters, including ΔG0 (9.39,9.21 and 9.45 for temperature 30°C., 45°C, and 60 °C respectively), ΔH0 (8.85 kJ/mol) and ΔS0 (−1.57 kJ/mol). From the results, fGNP showed that MB adsorption is a spontaneous and endothermic process.
Contributor(s):
Rabita Mohd Firdaus Achutan - Author
Primary Item Type:
Thesis
Identifiers:
Accession Number : 875008838
Language:
English
Subject Keywords:
spontaneous; endothermic; Morphological
Sponsor - Description:
Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Kimia -
First presented to the public:
7/1/2019
Original Publication Date:
8/4/2020
Previously Published By:
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Place Of Publication:
School of Chemical Engineering
Citation:
Extents:
Number of Pages - 153
License Grantor / Date Granted:
  / ( View License )
Date Deposited
2020-08-04 10:42:56.511
Submitter:
Mohamed Yunus Yusof

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Chemical surface modification of graphene nanoplatelets by carboxylation process for enhanced sorption capacities / Rabita Mohd Firdaus Achutan1 2020-08-04 10:42:56.511