(For USM Staff/Student Only)

EngLib USM > Ω School of Civil Engineering >

Hydrochemistry of groundwater pollution in the urban area of Khan Younis city, Gaza strip, Palestine / Mohammad S. M. Abujaball

Hydrochemistry Of Groundwater Pollution In The Urban Area Of Khan Younis City, Gaza Strip, Palestine
Air tanah adalah satu-satunya sumber air untuk tujuan minuman dan domestik di bandar Khan Younis Air hujan menjadi satu-satunya sumber untuk mendapatkan air segar. Tambahan pula, peningkatan penduduk bandar dalam dekad terkini menyebabkan ekploitasi melampau dan pencemaran air tanah. Tujuan kajian ini adalah meneliti ciriciri hidrokimia dan mekanisma serta prosesproses hidrokimia mengawal pencemarpencemar dalam akuifer, menentukan keadaan penepuan mineral, nenilai kepentingan deuterium melawan oksigen18 daripada sistem air tanah dan menentukan perubahan mengikut arah aliran air tanah. Bagi tujuan tersebut, 240 sampel air tanah dari 20 perigi dipantau dan dianalisa untuk parameter ionik utama. 35 sampel air tanah dianalisa untuk isotop berkenaaan. Keputusan menunjukkan air tanah hampir neutral sehingga alkali lemah, ia mempunyai konduktiviti elektrik, pepejal yang larut, nilai sodium, klorida dan nitrat lebih dari had maksima yang telah ditetapkan untuk kegunaan minuman dan domestik. Sementara itu, matriks korelasi menunjukkan bahawa, air tanah berasal dari kombinasi beberapa elemen asli seperti pelarutan semulajadi, mineral, pencemavan air masin dan pencemaran antropogenik. Sementara itu, fasa hidrokimia paling dominan untuk air adalah jenis air sodium-kloridasulfat. Air jenis ini bersifat air kevas, mempunyai kelas air ‘rendah ke sederhana’ dan tidak sesuai untuk tujuan minuman dan domestik. Pelarutan kalsit, dolomit, gipsum, florapatit dan fluorit dan penyejatan dengan proses pertukaran ion adalah mekanisme yang mengawal komposisi hidrokimia dan pengayaan pencemar dalam air tanah. Nilai isotopik menunjukkan bahawa isotop dari air tanah bercampur dengan air hujan dan sumbersumber air lain. Air tanah mendapat caj semulajad dari sumber air hujan dan sumbersumber lain dan kawasan tersebut dipengaruhi oleh ciri iklim separakering. Model simulasi WATEQ4F menunjukkan bahawa kalsit dan dolomit dalam keadaan terlebihtepu manakala, gipsum dan florit berada di bawah keadaan tepu. Akuifer adabe satu system Akuifer terbuka ke atmosfera. Mengikut arah dari timur ke barat terdapat impak nyata gangguan air masin di bahagian timur, kalsit dengan dolomit yang banyak dan pelarutan di bahagian tengah. Mmineral mengandungi florida yang juga banyak disebabkan pelarutan di bahagian timur, sisa buangan dari sespit menyebakan pencemaran nitrat dan fosfat di bahagian barat. Akhir sekali, aktiviti antropogenik ke atas pencemaran boron dan sulfat di bahagian timur. Terdapat pengurangan kecil nilai isotopik dari timur ke barat, dan ini menunjukkan akuifer tersebut adalah homogeniti akuifer. __________________________________________________________________________________ Groundwater is the only water source for drinking and domestic purposes in Khan Younis city and rainfall is the only source for fresh water recharge. Meanwhile, urbanization increment in last decades leads to groundwater overexploitation and quality highly polluted. The aim of this research is to explore the groundwater hydrochemical characteristics and mechanisms and hydrochemical processes controls the pollutants in the aquifer, determine mineral saturation states, explore the significance of deuterium versus oxygen18 of the groundwater system and determine the alterations according to groundwater flow direction. For this purpose, 240 groundwater samples from 20 wells were monitored and analyzed for major ionic parameters. While 35 samples analyzed for the isotopes. The result show that, the groundwater is near neutral to weakly alkaline in nature, have electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, sodium, chlorides and nitrates values more than the maximum acceptable limits for drinking and domestic uses. Meanwhile, the correlation matrix indicates that, the groundwater is originated from a combination of many origins such as natural, mineral dissolution, saline water intrusion and anthropogenic pollution. While the most dominance hydrochemical facie for the water is sodium–chloride–sulfate water type. This water type is hard in nature, has ‘Low to Medium’ water class, unsuitable for drinking and domestic purposes. Calcite, dolomite, gypsum, fluorapatite and fluorite dissolutions and evaporation with ionexchange process are the mechanisms controlling the hydrochemical composition and pollutants enrichment in the groundwater. The isotopic values indicate that isotopes originated from groundwater mixing with rainfall and other water sources, the groundwater recharged from rainfall source and other sources and the area is characterized by semiarid climate. WATEQ4F model simulation shows that calcite and dolomite are in oversaturation states, gypsum and flourite are in undersaturation states and the aquifer is an open system to atmosphere. According to flow direction from east to west there are high impact of saline water intrusion in the east, calcite with dolomite abundance and dissolution in the middle, fluoridebearing minerals abundance and dissolution the east, sewage from cesspits on nitrate and phosphate contamination in the west and finally anthropogenic activities on boron and sulfate contamination in the east. There are minor decreases of in isotopic values from the east to west, indicating aquifer homogeneity.
Contributor(s):
Mohammad S. M. Abujaball - Author
Primary Item Type:
Thesis
Identifiers:
Accession Number : 875008390
Language:
English
Subject Keywords:
deuterium; anthropogenic; WATEQ4F
Sponsor - Description:
Pusat pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam -
First presented to the public:
5/1/2017
Original Publication Date:
10/24/2019
Previously Published By:
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Place Of Publication:
School of Civil Engineering
Citation:
Extents:
Number of Pages - 351
License Grantor / Date Granted:
  / ( View License )
Date Deposited
2019-10-24 12:09:10.005
Date Last Updated
2020-11-19 15:42:48.754
Submitter:
Mohamed Yunus Yusof

All Versions

Thumbnail Name Version Created Date
Hydrochemistry of groundwater pollution in the urban area of Khan Younis city, Gaza strip, Palestine / Mohammad S. M. Abujaball1 2019-10-24 12:09:10.005