Semasa penduduk di Pulau Pinang semakin meningkat, kerja-kerja penambakan tanah terpaksa dijalankan untuk menambah permintaan perumahan. Malah, kawasan tambakan mempunyai potensi yang tinggi mendapat faktor amplifikasi yang tinggi kerana halaju gelombang ricih (Vs) yang lebih rendah. Vs adalah parameter yang penting dalam mempengaruhi tingkah laku amplifikasi tapak semasa gempa bumi. Selain itu, terdapat banyak bangunan tinggi di Pulau Pinang. Walaupun kedudukan geografi Malaysia terletak jauh dari zon aktif seismik tetapi gegaran bangunan tinggi di atas tanah yang lembut akibat gempa bumi telah dilaporkan kebelakangan ini. Walau bagaimanapun, rekabentuk bangunan di Malaysia adalah berdasarkan kepada BS 8110 yang tanpa peruntukan seismik. Oleh itu, terdapat keperluan untuk mengkaji semula rekabentuk bangunan berdasarkan Eurocode 2 dan Eurocode 8 yang mengambil kira beban seismik. Dalam kajian ini, Vs telah diukur di tanah yang ditambak dengan menjalankan Analisis Pelbagai Saluran Gelombang Permukaan. Setiap tempoh asas tapak dikira berdasarkan profil pengedaran Vs. Satu Kerangka-Konkrit-Penahan-Momen (MRCF) yang mempunyai 9 tingkat telah direkabentuk. Tujuannya adalah untuk mengkaji kerosakan yang MRCF akan alami semasa gempa bumi dengan melakukan Analisis Pushover (POA). MRCF telah dianalisis untuk POA dengan menggunakan perisian SAP2000. Dalam POA, daya corak segi tiga terbalik dan daya corak seragam telah digunakan untuk menghasilkan lengkung POA. Keputusan ini mendapati daya corak seragam menghasilkan permintaan yang lebih tinggi berbanding dengan daya corak segi tiga terbalik. Peningkatan Faktor Zon Seismik Z=0.15, Z=0.2, Z=0.3 dan Z=0.4 memberi nilai Titik Prestasi yang selari dengan peningkatan kapasiti dan permintaan.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
As the population increases, land reclamation work was implemented in Pulau Pinang in order to provide more housing demand. In fact, reclaimed land has higher potential of high amplification factor due to its lower shear wave velocity. Shear wave velocity, Vs is an important parameter influencing the amplification behaviour of the site during earthquake. Moreover, there is a lot of high rise building being constructed in Pulau Pinang. Although Malaysia is situated geographically far away from seismic active zone, but those high rise buildings on soft soil are occasionally subjected to tremors due to far-field effects of earthquakes. However, the buildings in Malaysia are designed according to BS 8110 which does not have any seismic provisions. Therefore, there is an urgent need to revise the design based on Eurocode 2 and Eurocode 8 which takes the seismic load into account. In this study, the Vs are measured from the reclaimed land by carrying out Multichannel Analysis of Surface Wave Test. The fundamental period of each site is calculated based on the Vs distribution profile. A 9-storey Moment-Resisting Concrete Frame (MRCF) was designed based on the code of practice mentioned to simulate the concrete structures in Malaysia. The Vs is used to assign the spring stiffness of the MRCF foundation. The aim is to study the damage measure of the MRCF subjected to earthquake excitation by performing Pushover Analysis (POA). The MRCF is analyzed for POA by using SAP2000 software. In POA, uniform lateral load and inverted triangular lateral load patterns were used to produce the base shear-drift curve. The results (pushover curves) show that the lateral uniform load pattern produced a higher demand compared to lateral inverted triangular load pattern. Increasing of Seismic Zone Factor, Z=0.075, Z=0.15, Z=0.2, Z=0.3 and Z=0.4 leads to increasing of Performance Point which correspond to the increased of capacity and demand.
Effect of reclaimed land on performance point of high-rise building considering soil classification / Soo Wei Jie