lelurus dan beban bukan lelurus pada sistem kuasa. Beberepa piawaian antarabangsa dikeluarkan untuk memperkelaskan dan meningkatkan kualiti kuasa harmonik, contohnya IEEE Standard. 519-1992. Dalam utiliti elektrik, kebanyakan peralatan elektrik yang menyebabkn harmonik adalah peralatan elektrik moden seperti komputer, pencetak, mesin fotostat, sistem telefon stereo, radio, televisyen, pemacu kelajuan bolehubah (adjustable speed drive), pemacu frekuenci bolehubah (adjustable speed drive) dan pengecas telefon. Projek ini membincangkan tentang kandungan harmonik pada peralatan elektrik dan kesan-kesannya pada utiliti. Kajian ini dijalankan dengan menyukat arus harmonik dan voltan harmonik pada peralatan elektrik yang berbeza (beban lelurus dan beban bukan lelurus). Pengukuran ini dibuat dengan menggunakan Fluke 43B Power Quality Analyzer. Parameter-parameter yang diukur ialah arus,kuasa aktif (P), kuasa reaktif (Q), kuasa ketara (S), arus harmonik, voltan harmonik, herotan harmonik seluruh (THD), faktor kuasa (PF) dan faktor kuasa anjakan (DPF). Selain itu, corak spectrum harmonic, gelombang voltan dan gelombang arus yang terhasil untuk setiap peralatan elektrik yang diukur juga diperhatikan. Seterusnya, arus harmonik dan voltan harmonik direkod dan dianalisis menggunakan Fluke View 3.0. Akhirnya, ciri-ciri harmonik dapat ditentukan melalui data-data yang telah direkod ini. Data-data dari pengukuran menunjukkan gelombang untuk beban bukan lelurus adalah terherot. Selain itu, faktor kuasanya adalah kurang dari 1 dan nilai herotan harmoniknya juga amat tinggi (≥ 20 %). Ciri-ciri ini menunjukkan berlakunya harmonik dalam beban-beban bukan lelurus tersebut. Berdasarkan pengukuran melalui kajian ini, didapati kelengkapan elektrik yang mengalami herotan harmonik seperti televisen mempunyai THDi 81.8%, computer 82.9%, mesin fotostat 27.9%, mesin pencetak 82.4%, pengecas bateri 21.3% dan seterika 98.4%. Utiliti mengambil berat tentang kesan harmonik kepada sistem kuasa mereka. Contoh kesan-kesan tersebut adalah seperti gangguan bunyi pada telefon dan kerosakan kapasitor. Data-data dan analisis dari kajian ini boleh digunakan sebagai rujukan untuk meningkatkan kualiti harmonik pada pelbagai peralatan elektrik dan meningkatkan kualiti kuasa pada peralatan-peralatan elektrik pada masa hadapan.
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The advancement of science and technology, cause more and more non-linear loads used in the power system which will produce harmonic current and harmonic voltage to pollute the power system. Some international standards had been established for specifying and improving power harmonics, limitations such as IEEE Standard. 519-1992. In the electric utilities, many electrical equipments will produce harmonics. harmonics are caused by modern electrical equipment such as personal or notebook computers, printers, photocopy machines, telephone systems, stereos, radios, TVs, adjustable speed drives and variable frequency drives, battery chargers and any other equipment powered by switched-mode power supply (SMPS) equipment. This project is to discuss harmonic contain on electrical equipments and their effect to utilities. The harmonic voltages and currents are first measured from various electrical equipments (linear and non linear loads). The measurement will be done by using Fluke 43B Power Quality Analyzer. The parameters that have been measured such as current, Active Power (P), Reactive Power (Q) Apparent Power (S), harmonic currents, harmonic voltages, Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), Power Factor (PF) and Displacement Power Factor (DPF). The harmonic spectrums, voltage waveform and current waveform for those equipments are also observed. Based on measurement through this study, the THDi of electrical equipments that face harmonic problems are for television, THDi 81.8%, computer 82.9%, photocopy machine 27.9%, printer 82.4%, battery charger 21.3% and iron 98.4%. The measured harmonic currents and voltages are recorded and analyzed by using Fluke View 3.0. Finally, the harmonic characteristics will be determined from the recorded data. The data from the measurements show that the waveforms of non-linear load are distorted. Besides that, the power factor will be less than unity (1.00) and the %THD will high(≥ 20 %). All these characteristics indicate that there are harmonics problems presents in those non-linear equipments. Electric utilities are concerned about the effect of harmonics on their system. Telephone noise, excessive heating of equipment, capacitor damage are the example of the effects. The harmonic measurement data and analysis results proposed by this project can be used as reference for harmonic improvements on various electrical equipments and power quality upgrading in the future electrical equipments.
A STUDY OF HARMONIC CONTAIN ON ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENTS AND THEIR EFFECT TO UTILITY_YURADIA BINTI MOHD YUSSOF_E3_2008_875002413_00003068487_NI