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Selective esterification of glycerol with lauric acid using sulfonic acid-functionalized mesocellular foam catalyst

Selective esterification of glycerol with lauric acid using sulfonic acid-functionalized mesocellular foam catalyst / Lim Wei Mei
Penghasilan gliserol yang berlebihan sebagai produk sampingan proses transesterifikasi minyak sayuran boleh digunakan untuk mengsintesis bahan kimia lain yang lebih bernilai seperti monogliserida. Oleh itu, proses sintesis monogliserida melalui esterifikasi gliserol dan asid laurik dengan menggunakan gelembung mesoselular (MCF) yang diaktifkan dengan asid sebagai pemangkin untuk meningkatkan kadar tindak balas telah dicadangkan. MCF sebagai sistem sokongan silika mesoliang telah dicadangkan untuk digunakan dalam kajian ini disebabkan oleh keluasan permukaan yang tinggi, diameter liang yang besar dan kestabilan hidroterma. Pemangkin MCF yang diaktifkan dengan asid propil sulfonik telah dihasilkan melalui kaedah pasca-cantuman kerana kaedah ini membolehkan mesostruktur sistem sokongan silika dikekalkan apabila asid organik dicantumkan dengan sokongan silika tersebut. Pemangkin tersebut yang dihasilkan telah melalui pelbagai ujian pencirian bagi memahami sifat-sifat fizikal dan kimia, seperti mikroskop imbasan electron (SEM), tenaga serakan sinar-X (EDX), mikroskop pancaran elektron (TEM) dan spektrofotometer Fourier transform inframerah (FT-IR). Pemangkin tersebut juga digunakan untuk menjalankan proses pengesteran antara gliserol dengan asid laurik pada suhu tindak balas 160 °C selama 7 jam dengan nisbah molar gliserol dengan asid laurik 4:1 dan kepekatan pemangkin pada 3 peratusan ralat keberatan terhadap asid laurik dalam keadaan tanpa pelarut. Pemangkin tersebut menunjukkan kecenderungan penghasilan digliserida lebih daripada penghasilan monogliserida. Walau bagaimanapun, penghasilan monogliserida boleh dioptimumkan dan mencapai penukaran asid laurik sebanyak 98% dan kepilihan monogliserid sebanyak 62.4% pada suhu operasi yang tinggi, iaitu 180 °C, nisbah molar antara gliserol dengan asid laurik yang tinggi, yakni 6:1, kepekatan pemangkin pada 3 peratusan ralat keberatan terhadap asid laurik dan dalam masa tindak balas yang singkat. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Excessive production of glycerol from the by-product of trans-esterification process can be used in synthesizing the value-added chemicals such as monoglycerides. Hence, monoglycerides is proposed to be produced through the esterification of glycerol with lauric acid using acid functionalized mesocellular foam (MCF) as the catalyst to increase the rate of reaction. MCF mesoporous silica support is suggested in this research work due to its high surface area, large pore diameter and hydrothermal stability. Propyl sulfonic acid functionalized MCF catalyst were synthesis through the post-grafting method as this method allowed the mesostructure of the silica support to be prepared when the organic acid functionalized group was grafted to the silica support. The developed catalyst was characterized for its physical and chemical properties through scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and fourier transformed infrared (FT-IR). The modified MCF catalyst was then used in glycerol esterification with lauric acid at a reaction temperature of 160 °C for 7h with glycerol to lauric acid molar ratio of 4:1 and catalyst concentration of 3wt% with respect to lauric acid under nitrogen purging condition. The developed catalyst showed that diglyceride formation was favoured instead of monoglyceride. However, monoglyceride yield can be optimized giving lauric conversion of 98% and monoglyceride selectivity of 62.4% at the first hour, at the operating condition of high temperature of 180 °C, high molar ratio of glycerol to lauric acid of 6:1, catalyst concentration of 3wt% and short reaction time.
Contributor(s):
Lim Wei Mei - Author
Primary Item Type:
Final Year Project
Identifiers:
Accession Number : 875006001
Barcode : 00003103387
Language:
English
Subject Keywords:
production of glycerol; trans-esterification process; monoglycerides
First presented to the public:
6/1/2016
Original Publication Date:
5/21/2018
Previously Published By:
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Place Of Publication:
School of Aerospace Engineering
Citation:
Extents:
Number of Pages - 73
License Grantor / Date Granted:
  / ( View License )
Date Deposited
2018-05-21 12:32:31.697
Date Last Updated
2019-01-07 11:24:32.9118
Submitter:
Mohd Jasnizam Mohd Salleh

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Selective esterification of glycerol with lauric acid using sulfonic acid-functionalized mesocellular foam catalyst1 2018-05-21 12:32:31.697