Di Malaysia, isu bahan cemar baharu (CEC) telah mendapat tumpuan baru-baru ini. Sulfamethoxazole dan Acetaminophen merupakan bahan cemar sasaran dalam kajian ini. Bahan cemar ini telah dikesan di loji rawatan kumbahan di Malaysia. Malangnya, kilang rawatan kumbahan tidak cukup berkesan untuk mengatasi bahan cemar ini. Oleh itu, dalam kajian ini, pendekatan baru yang menggunakan konsep penjerapan diperkenalkan. Pemilihan bahan penjerap yang berpotensi telah dilakukan untuk memilih penjerap yang sesuai untuk penjerap tersalut nipis. Karbon aktif telah dipilih sebagai penjerap berpotensi. Penyingkir bahan cemar baharu (COATER) digunakan untuk penjerapan sulfamethoxazole (SMX) dan acetaminophen (ACT) telah disiasat. COATER diformulasikan menggunakan Getah Neutral Pengoksida (ENR-50) dan poli (vinil) klorida (PVC) sebagai pengikat antara karbon aktif sebagai penjerap, kemudian disalut atas kain putih (substrat) menggunakan teknik memberus. 4 g karbon aktif ditambahkan ke dalam COATER (berat optima dalam kajian ini). Analisis pencirian menggunakan SEM-EDX, FTIR dan BET telah dilakukan. Keputusan analisis morfologi permukaan telah menunjukkan taburan dan lekatan karbon aktif jelas pada substrat. Melalui analisa unsur-unsur (EDX), unsur nitrogen telah dikesan pada COATER yang mewakili SMX dan ACT. Analisis FTIR telah mengesan pembentukan amida berlaku di antara COATER dan SMX. Kawasan permukaan dan jumlah liang COATER masing-masing adalah 64.3 m2/g dan 0.07 cm3/g. COATER telah dinilai melalui pelbagai parameter termasuk kepekatan awal, suhu, kadar pencampuran dan pH larutan. Kapasiti penjerapan meningkat dengan peningkatan kepekatan awal. Suhu optimum proses penjerapan ini ialah 30 ℃. Keadaan pH optimum untuk SMX dan ACT pada pH sebenar (pH 4.80 untuk SMX) dan (pH 6.05 untuk ACT), yang memberikan penyingkiran tertinggi, 84.4% dan 45%, masing-masing. Hasil kajian keseimbangan dan kinetik menunjukkan bahawa model isoterma Langmuir dan pseudo-tertib-kedua, masing-masing, sesuai dengan penjerapan SMX dan ACT ke COATER. Kajian termodinamik menunjukkan bahawa penjerapan SMX dan ACT adalah eksotermik. Walau bagaimanapun, untuk kedua-dua bahan jerapan adalah baik dan spontan kerana nilai negatif ΔG⁰ diperoleh pada semua suhu. _______________________________________________________________________
In Malaysia, issues of Contaminant of Emerging Concern (CEC) have been recently highlighted. Sulfamethoxazole and Acetaminophen were targeted pollutant in this research. There are a large amount of these pollutants have been detected in sewage treatment plants in Malaysia. Unfortunately, sewage treatment plants are not effective enough to overcome these pollutant. Therefore, in this research study, a new approach applying adsorption concept is introduced. A screened of potential adsorbents have done to select the suitable adsorbent to be introduced into coated adsorbent (COATER). Activated carbon was chosen as potential adsorbent. Contaminant Emerging Remover (COATER) for adsorption of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and acetaminophen (ACT) were investigated. The COATER is formulated using Epoxidized Neutral Rubber (ENR-50) and poly(vinyl) chloride (PVC) as binders with activated carbon as an adsorbent, then was coated on white cotton fabric (substrate) via brushing technique. 4 g of activated carbon added into COATER (optimum weight of this study). Characterization analysis using SEM-EDX, FTIR and BET were performed. The results of surface morphology analysis showed good distributed of activated carbon and clearly attached adsorbent onto the substrate. Through elements analysis (EDX, nitrogen element detected attached on COATER adsorption which represents SMX and ACT. FTIR analysis detected amide formation occurred between COATER and SMX. The surface area and pore volume of the COATER were 64.3 m2/g and 0.07 cm3/g respectively. The COATER was evaluated through varies parameters including initial concentrations, temperatures, mixing rate and pH of solution. The adsorption capacity increased with increasing initial concentration. The optimum temperature of this adsorption process was 30℃. The optimum pH condition for SMX and ACT at actual pH (pH 4.80 for SMX) and (pH 6.05 for ACT), which gave the highest removal, 84.4% and 45%, respectively. The result of equilibrium and kinetic studies indicated that Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order, respectively, are best-fitted with the adsorption of SMX and ACT onto COATER. The thermodynamic studies indicacted that SMX and ACT were favor to exothermic process. However, for both adsorbates the process were favorable and spontaneous due to the negative values of ΔG⁰ obtained at all temperatures.
Thin coated adsorbent for the removal of contaminant of emerging concern_Muhamad Sharafee Shamsudin_K4_2019_MYMY