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Atrazine-based molecularly imprinted polymer as electrochemical sensor for pesticide detection / Nuur Fahanis Che Lah

Atrazine-based molecularly imprinted polymer as electrochemical sensor for pesticide detection_Nuur Fahanis Che Lah_K4_2019_MYMY
Penggunaan racun perosak dan racun serangga yang meluas meningkatkan tahap kebimbangan terhadap kesannya terhadap manusia dan kehidupan haiwan, yang secara langsung dan tidak langsung dihubungkan dengan sebatian berbahaya melalui pembentukan racun makhluk perosak dalam makanan dan air minuman. Oleh itu, tujuan kajian ini dijalankan adalah untuk mengetengahkan kaedah dan teknik pengesanan atrazin dalam larutan akueus. Polimer bersilang tinggi telah disediakan melalui proses pempolimeran yang menggunakan kepekatan monomer yang tinggi (≥ 25 v / v%) yang secara amnya membawa kepada monolit pukal. Perumusan polimer diubahsuai dengan mengubah nisbah Asid Metakrilik (MAA) sebagai monomer dan Etilen Glikol Dimetacrilat (EDGMA) sebagai pemautsilang serta menggunakan beberapa jenis pelarut porogenik. Perumusan optimum bagi polimer diperoleh apabila 1:15:40 (Atr:EDGMA:MAA) bersama 5% Dimetil Sulfoksida (DMSO) dan 95% toluena sebagai sebatian porogenik dapat meningkatkan efisiensi polymer cetakan molekul berbanding dengan formulasi dalam 100% toluena. Kapasiti pengikat meningkat sebanyak 18% berbanding formulasi original. Dua morfologi berbeza dapat dikenalpasti. Mikrosfera monosebaran diperoleh dengan menggunakan toluena manakala zarah-zarah tidak tersusun dibentuk dengan DMSO. Nisbah monomer, pemautsilang dan jenis campuran pelarut/porogenik telah dikenalpasti sebagai parameter berpengaruh pada morfologi zarah. Data keseimbangan penjerapan dikaitkan kepada empat model iaitu Linear, Langmuir, Freundlich, Jovanovic. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa polimer yang dicetak mempunyai ralat yang terendah untuk model isotherm Jovanovic. Penjerapan kinetik atrazin pada polimer yang dicetak turut dikaji dan didapati bersesesuaian dengan model kinetik pertama Lagergen. Formulasi optimum polimer yang dicetak telah digabungkan dengan elektrod jalinan grafit sebagai transduksi untuk analisis elektrokimia. Kitaran voltammetrik (CV) dan spektrum impedans elektrokimia (EIS) digunakan untuk mencirikan sensor dan menyiasat tindak balas elektrokimia sensor. Pemalar pemindahan electron heterogen, k0 dikira melalui CV menunjukkan bahawa sistem in merupakan sistem kuasi boleh balik dengan nilainya adalah 0.0661 cm.s-1 bagi anodik dan 0.0195 cm.s-1 bagi katodik. Had pengesanan bagi sistem tersebut adalah pada 4.99 nM. Plot Nyquist menunjukkan bahawa impedans yang diperoleh dalam kajian ini dapat menggambarkan sistem sensor dengan baik. Litar yang sama dioleh daripada plot Nyquist tersebut memberikan nilai kesesuaian χ2 yang berada di antara 0.6298 dan 1.475 yang boleh menganalisis setiap komponen sistem sensor secara kuantitatif. Dengan metodologi yang dicadangkan, sensor elektrokimia polimer tercetak molekul berasaskan atrazin telah berjaya diformulasikan dalam kepekatan monomer yang tinggi dengan penambahbaikan dalam memanipulasi campuran porogen/pelarut. _______________________________________________________________________ The wide-ranging use of pesticides causes concern for their effect on human as well as animal life, which is in direct and indirect contact with hazardous compounds through pesticide build-up in food and drinking water. Therefore, this study aimed of the outmost importance to develop methods and techniques for atrazine detection in aqueous solutions. Highly crosslinked polymers have been prepared by precipitation polymerization using high monomer loadings (≥ 25 v/v %) which generally lead to bulk monolith. The formulation of the polymer was modified by varying the Methacrylic Acid (MAA) as the monomer and Ethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate (EDGMA) as the crosslinker ratio together with several types of porogenic solvent. It was observed that the formulation of 1:15:40 (Atr:EDGMA:MAA) with 5% of Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) and 95% of toluene as the porogen mixture improves the efficiency of the imprinted polymer compared to the formulation in 100% of toluene. The binding capacity increase for almost 18% from the original formulation. Two distinct morphologies were observed. Monodispersed microspheres were obtained using toluene whereas segmented irregular particles were formed with DMSO. The ratio of monomer, crosslinker and the type of solvent mixture were identified as influential parameters on the particle morphology. The adsorption equilibrium data showed that the imprinted polymer resulted in the lowers error for Jovanovic isotherm model. The adsorption kinetics of atrazine on MIPs was studied and found to fit the best with Lagergen first order kinetic model. The optimum formulation of imprinted polymer was assembled with graphite felt electrode as the transduction for electrochemical analysis. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectrum (EIS) were used to characterize the sensor and investigate the electrochemical response of the sensor. The heterogeneous electron transfer constant, k0 that was calculated from CV indicates that the constant fall between the quasi reversible system with 0.0661 cm.s-1 for anodic and 0.0195 cm.s-1 for cathodic. The limit of detection (LOD) for the system was found to be at 4.99 nM. An equivalent circuit was suggested from the Nyquist plot that gives good fits with χ2 value between 0.6298 and 1.475 interpret the process of molecule diffusion from the bulk solution onto the electrode surface by quantitatively analyse each component of the sensor system. With the proposed methodology, electrochemical atrazine-based molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs) sensor have been prepared successfully in high monomer concentration with the improvement by manipulating the porogen/solvent mixture.
Contributor(s):
Nuur Fahanis Che Lah - Author
Primary Item Type:
Thesis
Identifiers:
Accession Number : 875008838
Language:
English
Subject Keywords:
Nyquist; equivalent; morphologies
Sponsor - Description:
Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Kimia -
First presented to the public:
2/1/2019
Original Publication Date:
8/6/2020
Previously Published By:
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Place Of Publication:
School of Chemical Engineering
Citation:
Extents:
Number of Pages - 190
License Grantor / Date Granted:
  / ( View License )
Date Deposited
2020-08-06 12:15:23.854
Submitter:
Mohamed Yunus Yusof

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Atrazine-based molecularly imprinted polymer as electrochemical sensor for pesticide detection / Nuur Fahanis Che Lah1 2020-08-06 12:15:23.854