Penggunaan produk polimer atau plastik yang terdiri daripada bahan berasaskan petroleum ada di mana-mana sahaja. Walau bagaimanapun, petroleum adalah sumber yang tidak mampan kerana ia merupakan bentuk sumber yang tidak boleh diperbaharui. Oleh itu, alternatif seperti menggunakan plastik yang boleh terdegradasikan sangat penting dewasa ini. Dalam kajian ini, kesan pengadunan termoplastik berasaskan protein dari sisa ikan dan selulosa, karboksimetil selulosa (CMC) telah disiasat. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mempersiapkan dan mencirikan campuran FWT/CMC untuk menilai potensinya dalam memperluaskan bidang aplikasi mereka dalam industri polimer. Sisa-sisa telah dimasak dan dibuat serbuk sebelum ia diadun dengan CMC menggunakan mesin milling dua rol yang dipanaskan. Campuran kemudian disediakan dalam bentuk specimen menurut ASTM D638 Type I dengan menggunakan acuan kompresi. Sampel campuran yang disediakan seterusnya dicirikan untuk sifat mekaniknya, kehadiran ikatan dan kumpulan fungsional, morfologi, ujian penyerapan air dan penentuan kandungan lembapan. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa sifat mekanik FWT telah diperbaiki dengan pengadunan dengan CMC. Kekuatan tegangan dan modulus tegangan campuran meningkat dengan penambahan CMC. Dari pencirian Fourier-transform Infrared (FTIR), didapati bahawa kehadiran ikatan yang terdapat dalam struktur protein menurun dengan peningkatan kandungan CMC. Selain itu, penambahan CMC ke dalam campuran mengubah morfologi campuran dari struktur satu fasa ke struktur dua fasa dan penyebaran yang baik bagi CMC sepanjang matriks FWT dapat dilihat. Dari ujian penyerapan air, CMC membantu untuk meningkatkan kestabilan struktur campuran apabila mereka direndam di dalam air. Kandungan kelembapan FWT turun apabila CMC diperkenalkan ke dalam campuran. Bagaimanapun, peningkatan dalam kandungan CMC meningkatkan penyerapan air dan kandungan lembapan campuran kerana ciri-ciri hidrofilik CMC.
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The usage of polymer or plastic product which is made up of petroleum based materials is everywhere. However, petroleum is an unsustainable resource as it is a form of non-renewable resource. Therefore, other alternatives such as utilizing biodegradable plastics are very crucial nowadays. In this study, the effect of blending protein based thermoplastics from fish waste thermoplastic (FWT) and cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was investigated. This study aims to prepare and characterize the FWT/CMC blends to assess its potential in extending their application areas in polymer industry. Sardin waste was cooked and made into powder before it was blended with CMC using heated two roll mill. The blends were then prepared into specimens according to ASTM D638 Type I by using compression moulding. The blend samples prepared were next been characterized for their mechanical properties, presence of bonding and functional groups, morphology, water absorption test and moisture content determination. The results revealed that the mechanical properties of FWT were improved with the addition of CMC. The tensile strength and tensile modulus of the blends increased with addition of CMC. From Fourier-transform Infrared (FTIR) characterization, it was found that the presence of bonding which present in the structure of protein decreased with increasing CMC content. Other than that, the addition of CMC into the blend changed the morphology of the blends from one phase to two-phase structure and good dispersion of CMC throughout the FWT matrix could be seen. From water absorption test, CMC helped to enhance the stability of the structure of the blends when they were immersed in water. The moisture content of FWT reduced as CMC was introduced into the blend. However, increasing in CMC content increased both the water absorption and moisture content of the blends due to hydrophilicity of CMC.
Preparation and characterization of carboxymethyl cellulosefish waste thermoplastic blend / Nur Aifa Abdul Rani