Empangan mempunyai pelbagai fungsi, ia bukan sahaja dibina untuk penjanaan kuasa tetapi juga sebagai mitigasi banjir. Bagaimanapun, air yang dikeluarkan perlu dikawal supaya ia boleh mengurangkan kesan ke kawasan hiliran. Objektif utama kajian ini adalah untuk membangunkan lengkung pengkadaran yang dilepaskan untuk pintu „tilting‟, satu pintu, gabungan dua pintu dan semua pintu radial dari model Empangan Sultan Abu Bakar, Cameron Highland, Pahang. Model fizikal Empangan Sultan Abu Bakar dihasilkan sebagai model biasa dengan skala 1:25. Peralatan yang digunakan semasa proses ujian ialah „Nixon Streamflo Velocity Meter‟ dan „Ultrasonic Flow Meter‟. „Nixon Streamflow Meter Velocity‟ digunakan untuk mengukur halaju air pada pembukaan pintu sementara Ultrasonic Flow Meter digunakan untuk mengukur kadar alir daripada paip semasa model sedang beroperasi. Untuk mengetahui ketepatan peralatan ujian, penentukuran telah dilakukan menggunakan eksperimen„flume‟. Hasil daripada proses pengujian menunjukkan hubungan kadar alir (l/s) dan takungan kepala hulu (mm) di bukaan pintu radial. Untuk model fizikal skala penuh, pada bukaan 0.75m untuk semua pintu radial menunjukkan pelepasan tertinggi iaitu 214.5754m³/s. Ini akan membantu TNB dalam proses untuk melepaskan air dari Empangan SAB untuk mengelakkan berlakunya banjir.
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Dam has multiple functions, it is not only built for power generation but also as flood mitigation purposes. However, the discharge off the dam has to be managed properly so that it can act as the final line of defence in order to mitigate the flood impact to downstream areas. The main objective of this study is to develop discharge rating curve for tilting gate, radial gates and the combination of both gates through a hydraulic physical model of Sultan Abu Bakar Dam, Cameron Highland, Pahang. The hydraulic physical model of Sultan Abu Bakar Dam was produced as a non-distorted model scale of 1/25. Equipment was utilized during the testing process was Nixon Streamflo Velocity Meter and Ultrasonic Flow Meter. Nixon Streamflo Velocity Meter is used to measure the velocity of water at the opening of the gate while Ultrasonic Flow Meter used to measure the overall discharge of the piping system during the physical simulation of the model. In order to ensure the accuracy of the testing equipment, a calibration process of this equipment was conducted using a hydraulic flume experimental in the Hydraulics Laboratory, PPKA. The result from the calibration processes showed the relationship of discharge (l/s) with the upstream head (mm) of reservoir at different opening of the gate. For the full scale hydraulic physical model, opening of three radial gates and a full opening of tilting gate gave the highest discharge which is 214.5m³/s. This constructed mono-chart of gates discharge released helps TNB in decision process of gate opening in order to mitigate the downstream flooding due to unscheduled water released from the SAB Dam.
Development of sultan abu bakar spillway dam rating curves for flood mitigation strategies / Fasihah Kamarulzaman