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Preparation of activated carbons from areca catechu waste char impregnated with sodium hydroxide and carbon dioxide gasification

Preparation of activated carbons from areca catechu waste char impregnated with sodium hydroxide and carbon dioxide gasification / Mohd Aidil Mohd Salleh
Penghasilan karbon teraktif daripada sisa pertanian merupakan salah satu penyelesaian lestari dengan mengubah sisa-sisa bernilai negatif kepada bahan-bahan berharga. Oleh itu, objektif utama projek ini ialah untuk menyediakan karbon teraktif daripada sisa pinang menggunakan kaedah pengaktifan fizikal kimia dua langkah. Sisa pinang hancur telah disaring pada saiz yang berbeza (0.25 mm, 0.50 mm dan 1.00 mm). Proses pengkarbonan telah dijalankan pada suhu 800°C untuk 1 jam di bawah aliran nitrogen 150ml/min. Arang terhasil telah dijerap isi dengan natrium hidroksida (NaOH) pada nisbah jerap isi yang berbeza (1, 2 dan 4). Arang yang telah dirawat secara kimia kemudiannya melalui proses pengaktifan pada pelbagai suhu pengaktifan (750°C, 800°C dan 850°C) di bawah masa pengegasan karbon dioksida (CO2) yang berbeza (1 dan 2 jam). Keadaan optimum bagi penyediakan karbon teraktif ialah pada suhu 800°C, nisbah jerap isi 4, masa pengegasan CO2 selama 1 jam dan saiz zarah 0.25 mm, dan ia dinamakan sebagai AAC0.25-800(4)1. Melalui pemerhatian AAC0.25-800(4)1 memberikan luas permukaan yang besar sebanyak 1487.30m2/g dan isipadu liang keseluruhan tinggi sebanyak 0.91cm3/g dengan pecahan liang mikro sehingga mencapai 52.65%. Walau bagaimanapun, purata ukur lilit liang AAC0.25-800(4)1 ialah dalam lingkungan meso (6.38 nm). Prestasi kapasiti penjerapan bagi karbon teraktif yang telah disediakan dalam projek ini telah dikaji dengan menggunakan metilena biru sebagai bahan jerap. Kajian penjerapan secara kelompok telah dijalankan pada pelbagai kepekatan awal bahan jerap (2-12mg/L) pada suhu bilik (30°C) selama 24 jam. Kapasiti penjerapan telah didapati meningkat dengan peningkatan kepekatan awal. Bahan penjerap AAC0.25-800(4)1 telah menunjukkan kapasiti penjerapan maksimum bagi metilina biru sebanyak 12.0461mg/g. Data penjerapan adalah berpadanan dengan isoterma Langmuir dengan nilai R2 sebanyak 0.9969. Kajian kinetik pada sistem penjerapan mematuhi model kinetik pseudo tertib kedua. Keputusan kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa karbon teraktif daripada sisa pinang adalah bahan penjerap yang efektif bagi penyingkiran metilina biru daripada larutan akuas dengan beberapa pengubahsuaian _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ The production of activated carbon from agricultural wastes is one of the sustainable solutions by transforming negative-valued wastes to valuables materials. Thus, the main objective of this project was to prepare activated carbons from areca catechu wastes using two-step physiochemical activation method. The grinded areca catechu waste was sieved at different sizes (0.25 mm, 0.50 mm and 1.00 mm). The carbonization process was carried out at 800°C for 1 hour under nitrogen flow of 150ml/min. The char products were impregnated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at different impregnation ratios (1, 2 and 4). The chemically treated chars were then proceed to the activation process at various activation temperatures (750°C, 800°C and 850°C) under different carbon dioxide (CO2) gasification time (1 and 2 h). The optimum condition for the preparation of activated carbons were found at temperature of 800°C, impregnation ratio 4, CO2 gasification time 1 h and particle size of 0.25 mm, namely as AAC0.25-800(4)1. It was observed that AAC0.25-800(4)1 gives large surface area of 1487.30m2/g and high total pore volume of 0.91cm3/g with micropore fraction up to 52.65%. However, the average pore diameter of AAC0.25-800(4)1 was in the meso range (6.38 nm). The adsorption capacity performances of prepared activated carbon in this project were investigated using methylene blue as an adsorbate. The batch adsorption study was carried out at different initial concentrations of adsorbate (2-12mg/L) at room temperature (30°C) for 24 h. The adsorption capacity was found to increase with increasing initial concentrations. AAC0.25-800(4)1 adsorbent presents the maximum adsorption capacity for methylene blue was 12.0461mg/g. The adsorption data were fitted to Langmuir isotherm with R2 value of 0.9969. The kinetics study on adsorption system obeyed second order pseudo kinetic model. The results in this study indicated that activated carbon from areca catechu waste was an efficient adsorbent for removal of methylene blue from aqueous solutions with some modifications.
Contributor(s):
Mohd Aidil Mohd Salleh - Author
Primary Item Type:
Final Year Project
Identifiers:
Accession Number : 875005213
Language:
English
Subject Keywords:
activated; carbon; agricultural
First presented to the public:
6/1/2013
Original Publication Date:
1/27/2020
Previously Published By:
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Place Of Publication:
School of Chemical Engineering
Citation:
Extents:
Number of Pages - 85
License Grantor / Date Granted:
  / ( View License )
Date Deposited
2020-01-28 17:00:20.208
Submitter:
Mohd Jasnizam Mohd Salleh

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Preparation of activated carbons from areca catechu waste char impregnated with sodium hydroxide and carbon dioxide gasification1 2020-01-28 17:00:20.208