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Biodiesel production using heterogeneous catalyst in cstr sensitivity and optimisation analysis

Biodiesel production using heterogeneous catalyst in cstr sensitivity and optimisation analysis / Lim Shao Keong
Biodiesel sebagai satu tenaga boleh diperbaharui telah muncul sebagai satu penggantian yang berpotensi bagi diesel dari petroleum. Pemangkin heterogen telah menjadi focus bagi penyelidikan yang mengenai pengeluaran biodiesel sebagai usaha untuk mengatasi masalah berkaitan dengan proses pemangkin homogen. Simulasi bagi pengeluaran biodiesel melalui pemangkin heterogen belum dikaji secara keseluruhannya. Maka, satu simulasi bagi pengeluaran biodiesel dari sisa minyak yang mangandungi asid lemak bebas yang tinggi (50wt%) melalui pemangkin pepejal yang berdasarkan karbon telah dibangunkan dalam projek ini untuk mengkaji kebolehlaksanaan dan potensi proses simulasi tersebut. Process simulasi dalam projek ini mengeluarkan biodiesel melalui tindak balas serentak pengesteran dan transesterifikasi dengan pertimbangan kinetik tidak balas. Simulasi yang dibangunkan berupaya mengeluarkan biodiesel yang memenuhi piawai antarabangsa (EN 14214) sebanyak 2.81 kmol/jam. Hasil sebanyak 68.61% dan 97.19% telah dicapai bagi transesterifikasi and tidak balas pengesteran. Analisis kepekaan diantara komposisi asid lemak bebas dalam sisa minyak, nisbah methanol kepada minyak, suhu reaktor dan tekanan reaktor dengan hasil biodiesel dari tintak balas pengesteran dan transesterifikasi telah dijalankan. Peningkatan dalam komposisi asid lemak bebas mempunyai kesan yang positif tetapi sedikit terhadap hasil biodiesel. Untuk mencapai hasil biodiesel yang tinggi, nisbah methanol kepada minyak yang tinggi diperlukan (>10). Tekanan yang tinggi (>34 bar) diperlukan bagi transesterifikasi, manakala tindak balas pengesteran berupaya mencapai hasil biodiesel sebanyak 95% di tekanan sebanyak 15 bar. Suhu yang tinggi menggalakkan tindak balas pengesteran, manakala transesterifikasi menunjukkan kesan yang bertentangan terhadap peningkatan suhu. Pengoptimuman bagi suhu reaktor telah dijalankan untuk memaksimumkan pengeluaran biodiesel. Suhu reaktor yang dioptimumkan ialah 223.1°C. Keputusan pengoptimuman menunjukkan peningkatan kadar aliran biodiesel yang sedikit dan tiday ketara. Maka, suhu paling rendah yang boleh didapati (180°C) telah dicadangkan. Keputusan menunjukkan simulasi ini menpunyai potensi yang terhad dalam mencapai hasil biodiesel yang tinggi dari kedua-dua tindak balas tersebut, kerana transesterifikasi menhadapi hasil yang lebih rendah apabila biodiesel yang berjumlah besar dihasilkan daripada tidak balas pengesteran. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Biodiesel as a renewable energy has emerged as a potential replacement for petroleum-based diesels. Heterogeneous catalyst has become the focus of researches in biodiesel production with intention to overcome problems associated with homogeneous catalyzed processes. The simulation of heterogeneous catalyzed biodiesel production has not been throughout studied. Hence, a simulation of carbon-based solid acid catalyzed biodiesel production from waste oil with high FFA content (50 wt%) was developed in present work to study the feasibility and potential of the simulated process. The simulated process produces biodiesel through simultaneous transesterification and esterification with the consideration of reaction kinetics. The developed simulation is relatively simple and feasible to produce 2.81kmol/hr of FAME meeting the international standard (EN 14214). Yields of 68.61% and 97.19% are achieved for tranesterification and esterification respectively. Sensitivity analyses of FFA composition in waste oil, methanol to oil ratio, reactor pressure and temperature towards FAME yield from both reactions were carried out. The increase in FFA composition has positive but little effect on the FAME yield in the simulated process. In order to achieved high yield of FAME, high ratio of methanol to oil feed (>10) is required. High pressure (>34 bar) is required at 200°C for transesterification while esterification can achieve about 95% FAME yield at 15 bar. Higher temperature is favorable for esterification while transesterification shows opposite effect. Optimization of reactor temperature was done to maximize FAME products. The optimized reactor temperature is 223.1°C. However, the optimized results give a slight and insignificant increase in FAME product flow rate. Thus, lowest available temperature (180°C) is suggested. The results show the simulation has limited potential to achieve high yield of FAME from both reactions, as transesterification suffers from poorer FAME yield due to large amount of FAME produces from the esterification.
Contributor(s):
Lim Shao Keong - Author
Primary Item Type:
Final Year Project
Identifiers:
Accession Number : 875005611
Language:
English
Subject Keywords:
Biodiesel; renewable; energy
First presented to the public:
6/1/2015
Original Publication Date:
8/12/2020
Previously Published By:
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Place Of Publication:
School of Chemical Engineering
Citation:
Extents:
Number of Pages - 50
License Grantor / Date Granted:
  / ( View License )
Date Deposited
2020-08-12 10:04:15.953
Submitter:
Mohd Jasnizam Mohd Salleh

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