This research aims to investigate the presence of four non-linear characteristics (i.e., hysteresis, saturation, creep and vibration) when a piezoelectric patch material is acted as actuator for the AVC of a beam. The parameters such as frequencies and voltages are taken into account for the piezoelectric patch material characterization and the vib...

Shotcrete is a ftlndamental support element for tunnels and underground constructions. Shortly after application, shotcrete linings undergo a high load while the ordinary concrete is not fully hardened yet. Therefore, the time-dependent behaviour of the shotcrete material must consider. Traditional approaches assume a linear elastic behaviour using...